Cannabis and the overdose crisis among US adolescents.

Background And Objectives: Since 2019, the drug overdose death rate among adolescents 14-18 years of age in the United States more than doubled. That cannabis legalization may have contributed to this tragedy is investigated by comparing the death rate in jurisdictions that have legalized medicinal or both medicinal and recreational use with those that have not.

Methods: Unintentional drug overdose death data for each state and District of Columbia (jurisdictions) were obtained from CDC WONDER and separately evaluated according to the jurisdiction legalization implementation of cannabis: recreational legalization, medicinal legalization but not recreational legalization, and nonlegalization.

Targeting the aminopeptidase ERAP enhances antitumor immunity by disrupting the NKG2A-HLA-E inhibitory checkpoint.

The aminopeptidase, endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1), trims peptides for loading into major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), and loss of this activity has broad effects on the MHC class I peptidome. Here, we investigated the impact of targeting ERAP1 in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), as MHC class I interactions mediate both activating and inhibitory functions in antitumor immunity. Loss of ERAP sensitized mouse tumor models to ICB, and this sensitivity depended on CD8 T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.

Ultradian rhythms of activity in a wild subterranean rodent.

Many animals adapt their activity patterns to the best environmental conditions using daily rhythms. African mole-rats are among the mammals that have become models for studying how these rhythms can be entrained by light or temperature in experimental laboratory studies. However, it is unclear whether they exhibit similar circadian rhythms in their natural lightless, subterranean environment.

Providing Delayed, In-Person Collected Feedback From Residents to Teaching Faculty: Lessons Learned.

Teaching faculty request timely feedback from residents to improve their skills. Yet even with anonymous processes, this upward feedback can be difficult to obtain as residents raise concerns about identification and repercussions. To examine faculty perception of the quality and content of feedback from residents after increasing anonymity and sacrificing timeliness.

United States marijuana legalization and opioid mortality trends before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: To determine if marijuana legalization was associated with reduced opioid mortality.

Study Design: The United States (US) opioid mortality trend during the 2010-2019 decade was compared in states and District of Columbia (jurisdictions) that had implemented marijuana legalization with states that had not. Acceleration of opioid mortality during 2020, the first year of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, was also compared in recreational and medicinal-only legalizing jurisdictions.