Prevalence of thermoduric bacteria and spores in nonfat dry milk powders of Midwest origin.

Samples of nonfat dry milk powder were analyzed for the presence of heat-resistant bacteria. The samples were collected from Midwest manufacturing companies and were evaluated for the presence of spores, thermoduric bacteria, and the total bacterial count. Three companies were included in this study, and results showed differences between each of the companies in the heat-resistant microbial groups tested.

Corrigendum to "Prevalence of thermoduric bacteria and spores on 10 Midwest dairy farms".

Thermoduric bacteria (TDB), including sporeformers and their spores, can be present in milk and dairy products even after pasteurization. They have the potential to adversely affect the quality and shelf life of products. The objectives of this study were to identify the origin and common species of heat-resistant bacteria occurring during summer and winter on Midwest dairy farms.

Prevalence of thermoduric bacteria and spores on 10 Midwest dairy farms.

Thermoduric bacteria (TDB), including sporeformers and their spores, can be present in milk and dairy products even after pasteurization. They have the potential to adversely affect the quality and shelf life of products. The objectives of this study were to identify the origin and common species of heat-resistant bacteria occurring during summer and winter on Midwest dairy farms.

Prediction of a potentially effective dose in humans for BAY 60-5521, a potent inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by allometric species scaling and combined pharmacodynamic and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling.

Aims: The purpose of this work was to support the prediction of a potentially effective dose for the CETP-inhibitor, BAY 60-5521, in humans.

Methods: A combination of allometric scaling of the pharmacokinetics of the CETP-inhibitor BAY 60-5521 with pharmacodynamic studies in CETP-transgenic mice and in human plasma with physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling was used to support the selection of the first-in-man dose.

Results: The PBPK approach predicts a greater extent of distribution for BAY 60-5521 in humans compared with the allometric scaling method as reflected by a larger predicted volume of distribution and longer elimination half-life.

Pharmacokinetics of repinotan in healthy and brain injured animals.

Repinotan hydrochloride (repinotan) is a highly potent and selective 5-HT(1A) full receptor agonist. The ability of repinotan to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and penetrate into rat brain tissue was investigated, because rapid penetration into brain tissue is thought to be essential for neuroprotective efficacy. Intravenous (i.