Functional Medicine Care was Associated with Lower Pharmacy Claims Costs Among Ashland School District Employee Health Plan Participants With Musculoskeletal Disorders.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are a leading cause of healthcare utilization and disability among the millions of school employees in the United States. While school-based workplace wellness programs have demonstrated improvements in health behaviors, the long-term financial impact of these programs remains unclear.

Objective: Identify factors associated with health insurance claims costs within a school district featuring a workplace wellness program emphasizing health behaviors aligned with the functional medicine model of care.

Childhood trauma and hallucinations in bipolar affective disorder: preliminary investigation.

Background: Strong evidence exists for an association between childhood trauma, particularly childhood sexual abuse, and hallucinations in schizophrenia. Hallucinations are also well-documented symptoms in people with bipolar affective disorder.

Aims: To investigate the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and other childhood traumas and hallucinations in people with bipolar affective disorder.

Persecutory delusions and autobiographical memory.

Objectives: It was hypothesized that people with persecutory delusions, such as depressed people, would experience difficulty when attempting to generate specific autobiographical memories.

Design: 20 deluded participants, 20 depressed patients and 20 normal controls were compared on an autobiographical memory test.

Methods: Participants attempted to recall memories to positive and negative cue words.

Chronic low back pain rehabilitation programs: a study of the optimum duration of treatment and a comparison of group and individual therapy.

Study Design: Eighty-four patients with chronic low back pain were treated using cognitive behavioral principles on a pain management program. Outcome data were collected at four points: 10 weeks before treatment, immediately before and immediately after treatment, and 6 months after treatment. In part 1 of the study, patients were assigned randomly to group or individual treatment contexts.

Two predictions about paranoid ideation: deluded, depressed and normal participants' subjective frequency and consensus judgments for positive, neutral and negative events.

Two groups of patients suffering from persecutory delusions, one consisting of patients also suffering from depression and a non-depressed group, together with clinically depressed and normal controls matched with the deluded patients for age and intelligence, were asked to rate the frequency with which selected positive, negative and neutral events had happened to themselves and to an average other person in the past, and the frequency with which these events were likely to happen to themselves and to an average other person in the future. Results were similar for both past and expected future events. Non-depressed-deluded, depressed-deluded and depressed patients rated negative events as occurring relatively more frequently in comparison to the normal controls.