Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography for left atrial volume assessment in Thoroughbred racehorses: Observer variability and comparison with two-dimensional echocardiography.

Background: Left atrial size predicts cardiac morbidity and mortality in humans and dogs. Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) may be reliable for assessing left atrial volume (LAV) in horses.

Objectives: To determine intra- and interobserver variability estimates of 3DE-LAV and compare it to that of 2DE-LAV estimates.

A comparison of two ketamine doses for field anaesthesia in horses undergoing castration.

Background: Ketamine at 2.2 mg/kg given i.v.

Thermography as an early predictive measurement for evaluating epidural and femoral-sciatic block success in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate skin temperature increase as an early predictive measure for evaluating epidural and femoral-sciatic block success in dogs.

Study Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Animals: A total of 29 dogs undergoing orthopaedic surgery on one hindlimb.

Electrocardiographic indicators of excitability in horses for predicting recovery quality after general anaesthesia.

Objective: To determine whether preoperative electrocardiographic measurements linked to sympathetic nervous activity could be used to predict recovery quality after general anaesthesia in horses.

Study Design: Prospective, clinical study.

Animals: Eighteen adult client-owned horses.