Detection of epileptogenic focal cortical dysplasia by depth, not subdural electrodes.

Centers that perform presurgical epilepsy evaluations disagree on whether depth or subdural electrodes represent the optimal technique for invasive recording, especially in seizures originating outside the temporal lobe. A 13-year-old girl with a normal magnetic resonance imaging scan had unlocalized partial onset seizures, despite scalp and subdural grid ictal video/EEG recordings. Repeat video/EEG with depth electrodes showed a discrete site of continuous interictal spiking and seizure onset that was located 2-2.

Competitive NMDA receptor antagonists and spinal-cord ischemia.

Ischemic neuronal death is associated with excitatory amino acid (EAA) release. Their action is mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Blockade of the receptors before the ischemic insult can decrease neuronal damage.

Retrograde perfusion of the spinal cord during aortic crossclamping: initial observations in the swine model.

Background: Retrograde perfusion has emerged as a useful technique for the preservation of the heart and brain when arterial circulation is interrupted. Herein, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that retrograde perfusion of the azygos vein is sufficient to maintain viability of the spinal cord during aortic occlusion in the swine model.

Methods: Female swine, 17 to 22 kg, underwent left thoracotomy, creation of a shunt between the aortic arch and the azygos vein, and aortic crossclamping for 60 minutes: the shunt was open in the retrograde perfusion group (n = 5) and closed in the control group (n = 4).

Selective protection of gray and white matter during spinal cord ischemic injury.

Background: Ischemic injury in the gray matter is associated with excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters (EAA) release, and in the white matter is associated with intracellular sodium accumulation. We investigated the protective effect during spinal ischemia of the EAA antagonist, 2-carboxypiperazinyl-propylphosphonic acid (CPP), and the sodium channel blocker (2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl) triethylammonium bromide (QX).

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized in four groups, received intrathecally 10 microL of saline, CPP, QX, or QX/CPP, and underwent balloon occlusion of the aorta.

Primary T-cell lymphoma of the brain in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: case report.

In patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is now the most common noninfectious intracranial mass lesion and the fourth leading cause of death. Most cases of PCNSL are B-cell in origin and are only rarely of T-cell origin. We report the first complete clinical description of T-cell PCNSL in a patient with AIDS.