Measuring Perceived Research Competence of Junior Researchers.

Graduates of doctoral (Ph.D.) programs are expected to be competent at designing and conducting research independently.

Development of decision aids for female BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers in Germany to support preference-sensitive decision-making.

Background: Women with pathogenic BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations possess a high risk of developing breast and ovarian cancer. They face difficult choices when considering preventive options. This study presents the development process of the first decision aids to support this complex decision-making process in the German healthcare system.

Different stressors, different strategies, different outcomes: how domain-specific stress responses differentially predict depressive symptoms among adolescents.

As a time of notably increased stress and a marked rise in depressive symptoms, adolescence is a key period in which to examine how stress is related to mental health outcomes. Many studies examine stress as a unitary construct; however, research suggests that how adolescents respond to stress within different domains may differentially predict depression. The current study used an 8-week weekly diary design to assess how adolescents' cognitive appraisals, rumination, and co-rumination in response to dependent, independent, social, and nonsocial stressors differentially predicted depressive symptoms.

[Indications and results of surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax].

Between 1973 and 1985, 107 thoracotomies were performed in cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in 100 patients. Only in 3 patients we found a primary pneumothorax. In relation to the basic illness, the gravity of accompanying diseases and the frequency of relapses, we employed an graduated concept of treatment: Pleurocentesis, thoracodrainage, thoracotomy.