A framework linking farming resilience with productivity: empirical validation from Poland in times of crises.

Farming sectors' resilience has been built over decades with the aid of policies and institutions. However, its actual standing can be assessed in times of crises when farms have to overcome particular challenges. We use a large-scale farming sectors dataset FADN spanning 2006-2015 in which two major economic crises occurred-the global economic crisis of 2008 and the Russian embargo of 2014-to exemplify our approach to resilience's assessment based on the Polish farming sectors.

Genomics and outbreaks: foot and mouth disease.

Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is an animal pathogen of global economic significance. Identifying the sources of outbreaks plays an important role in disease control; however, this can be confounded by the ease with which FMDV can spread via movement of infected livestock and animal products, aerosols or fomites, e.g.

Development and initial evaluation of a real-time RT-PCR assay to detect bluetongue virus genome segment 1.

Since 1998, multiple strains of bluetongue virus (BTV), belonging to six different serotypes (types 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 and 16) have caused outbreaks of disease in Europe, causing one of the largest epizootics of bluetongue ever recorded, with the deaths of >1.8 million animals (mainly sheep). The persistence and continuing spread of BTV in Europe and elsewhere highlights the importance of sensitive and reliable diagnostic assay systems that can be used to rapidly identify infected animals, helping to combat spread of the virus and disease.

The histamine releasing activity of the industrial agent--Fasavin E4.

The effect of an industrial agent--Fasavin E4, on isolated rat mast cells has been investigated. It was shown that Fasavin E4 released histamine in concentration dependent fashion. The reaction was neither calcium nor energy dependent.