[Filaria: a tropical disease as the etiology of acute scrotum].

In the diagnosis and treatment of acute scrotal pain and swelling it is important to differentiate between testicular torsion and epididymo-orchitis. A special case of a thirty-eight-year-old male asylant from Nepal was presented in the urological service with acute scrotal pain. To exclude testicular torsion, a diagnostic exploration of the scrotum was done with the findings of an acute funiculitis with abscess formation.

Seminal carnitine concentration in obstructive azoospermia.

Seminal carnitine levels were studied in 67 patients with obstructive azoospermia. In 25 patients a bilateral vasectomy had been performed previously and for refertilization a vasovasostomy was performed. In the remaining 42 men the occlusion was located within the epididymis.

[One-stage urethra repair with end-to-end anastomosis].

The direct anastomosis in one session is the method of choice for the treatment of urethral strictures (< 2.5 cm length) when at least three internal urethrotomies have failed. If certain important details are kept in mind about the operative technique (wide anastomosis without tension), suitable suture materials used, and the urinary diversion is done without placing a burden on the anastomosis, the long-term results are good.

[Surgical refertilization following vasectomy--an increasing need].

Surgical refertilization by vaso-vasostomy, taking place a long time after vasectomy, gains increasing importance in men whose partnership condition has changed since the time of sterilization. Apart from the surgical technique, the length of time between vasectomy and vaso-vasostomy, the age of the patient and immunological factors are of importance for the success of the vaso-vasostomy, that is the procreation of sound children. From the view of the surgical technique the single-layered anastomosis without splinting, carried out with magnifying glasses, produces satisfactory results comparable to those of more complicated techniques (operation microscope).

Testicular dysplasia causing disturbance of spermiogenesis in patients with unilateral torsion of the testis.

Fifty-five patients were followed up for their state of fertility at a time varying in length after testicular torsion. In addition to the spermiogram they were screened for sperm antibodies. Biopsy samples were collected from the contralateral (not contorted) testis in 34 patients at the time of torsion or immediately afterwards.