Singing Together, Yet Apart: The Experience of UK Choir Members and Facilitators During the Covid-19 Pandemic.

The Covid-19 induced United Kingdom-wide lockdown in 2020 saw choirs face a unique situation of trying to continue without being able to meet in-person. Live networked simultaneous music-making for large groups of singers is not possible, so other "virtual choir" activities were explored. A cross sectional online survey of 3948 choir members and facilitators from across the United Kingdom was conducted, with qualitative analysis of open text questions, to investigate which virtual choir solutions have been employed, how choir members and facilitators experience these in comparison to an "in-person" choir, and whether the limitations and opportunities of virtual choir solutions shed light on the value of the experience of group singing as a whole.

Pharmacology of H 394/84, a dihydropyridine neuropeptide Y Y(1) receptor antagonist, in vivo.

The object of the present paper was to investigate the in vivo pharmacological profile of the dihydropyridine neuropeptide Y Y(1) receptor antagonist 1,4-Dihydro-4-[3-[[[[3-[spiro(indene-4,1'-piperidin-1-yl)]propyl]amino]carbonyl]amino]phenyl]-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, dimethylester (H 394/84). The renal vasoconstrictor response to neuropeptide Y in anaesthetized rats was dose-dependently antagonized by H 394/84 (ID(50) value=41+/-4 nmol/kg/min), whereas the renal vascular responses to noradrenaline and angiotensin II were only slightly affected by H 394/84 (500 nmol/kg/min). In pigs pretreated with reserpine and transection of sympathetic nerves (depleted of noradrenaline), H 394/84 dose-dependently antagonized renal and femoral vasoconstrictor responses evoked by sympathetic nerve activation (neuronally released neuropeptide Y) and exogenous neuropeptide Y.

In vivo characterization of the novel neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist H 409/22.

We studied the effects of the novel neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonist H 409/22, and its inactive enantiomer H 510/45, on vascular responses evoked by endogenous and exogenous NPY in the pig in vivo. H 409/22 and H 510/45 were given as 30-min infusions, and the antagonistic effects and circulating plasma concentrations were measured. The initial and terminal half-lives of H 409/22 in plasma were approximately 3 and 30 min, respectively.

The neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP 3226: equal effects on vascular responses to exogenous and endogenous NPY in the pig in vivo.

1. The antagonistic effects of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP 3226 on equally prominent vascular responses evoked by sympathetic nerve stimulation and exogenous NPY were compared during different intravenous (i.v.