Protocol for bacterial filtration efficiency evaluations of facemask materials using viable bacteria-laden aerosol droplets.

Here, we present a protocol for determining the bacterial filtration efficiencies of facemask materials according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard F2101-19. We describe steps for reproducibly generating, collecting, and enumerating viable bacteria-laden aerosols containing the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The optimized operating parameters generate 1,700 to 3,000 viable bacteria-laden aerosol droplets between 2.

Specific hydroxylation and glucuronidation of 2'-hydroxyflavanone by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NRRL B-2569.

Flavonoids constitute a class of natural compounds with varied bioactivities. Nevertheless, the potential health benefits of flavonoids for humans are often compromised by their low water solubility and limited bioavailability. In this study, four derivatives, namely 2',5'-dihydroxyflavanone (2), 5'-dihydroxyflavone-2'-O-β-d-glucuronide (3), and two isomers of hydroxyflavanone-2'-O-β-d-glucuronide (4 and 5), were biosynthesized from substrate 2'-hydroxyflavanone (1) through the specific hydroxylation and glucuronidation using Streptomyces coeruleorubidus NRRL B-2569.

Day-level associations among alcohol use, simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use, and both regretted and positive romantic/sexual experiences.

Background: Young adults who drink heavily, including those who simultaneously use cannabis, experience both positive and regretted romantic/sexual experiences. Both gender and past sexual assault severity may also play a role in the valence of romantic/sexual experiences. The current study focuses on day-level correlates of romantic/sexual experiences, assessing whether: (1) number of drinks or simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (vs.

Parents' perspectives and behaviors regarding their child's access to alcohol: Variation by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and neighborhood.

Background: Setting rules about alcohol use and minimizing its availability in the home are known effective parent-level strategies for reducing underage drinking risk. However, parents' restrictions and their perceptions of their child's alcohol access have rarely been considered in combination (e.g.

Protektem pikinini blong yu trial: protocol for a single arm field trial to assess the effectiveness of treating-all pregnant women with hepatitis B infection with tenofovir prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission in Vanuatu, 2024-2025.

Background: Hepatitis B infection is a major public health concern in Vanuatu, with approximately 9% of the general population estimated to be living with chronic hepatitis B. Most new infections are due to mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Hepatitis B vaccination is available in Vanuatu, but coverage rates for first dose within 24 h of birth and third dose are suboptimal.