Activation of three targets by a TAL effector confers susceptibility to bacterial blight of cotton.

Bacterial transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) promote pathogenicity by activating host susceptibility (S) genes. To understand the pathogenicity and host adaptation of Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum (Xcm), we assemble the genome and the TALE repertoire of three recent Xcm Texas isolates.

Peptide Lv and Angiogenesis: A Newly Discovered Angiogenic Peptide.

Peptide Lv is a small endogenous secretory peptide with ~40 amino acids and is highly conserved among certain several species. While it was first discovered that it augments L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LTCCs) in neurons, thus it was named peptide "Lv", it can bind to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and has VEGF-like activities, including eliciting vasodilation and promoting angiogenesis. Not only does peptide Lv augment LTCCs in neurons and cardiomyocytes, but it also promotes the expression of intermediate-conductance K channels (K3.

An evaluation of pruning programs to manage shoot blight, caused by the bacterium .

Fire blight is an economically devastating disease caused by the bacterium . Infections lead can shoot blight and, when unmanaged, become systemic and can quickly cause tree death and spread through an orchard via active infections sites producing bacterial ooze. With climate change, increasingly popular high-density training systems, and the susceptibility of many consumers desired apple cultivars, shoot blight management has become exceptionally challenging despite the diverse management tactics available.

Leveraging Lean Methodology to Improve Compliance With Work-Hour Restrictions.

Importance: Since work-hour restrictions were instituted in 2003, sustainably complying with duty-hour regulations remains a challenge for general surgery residency programs across the nation.

Objective: To determine whether industry-based process improvement techniques could be leveraged to increase compliance with work-hour restrictions within a general surgery residency.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This quality improvement project using Lean methodology was conducted from October to November of the 2021 to 2022 academic year.

Actively soniferous tropical reef fishes are diverse, vulnerable, and valuable.

Active (i.e., intentional) fish sound production provides informative cues for numerous ecological functions, including larval recruitment or reproduction, and can facilitate monitoring and restoration.