Whose Ear?: Proposal to conserve the name (L.) Underw. for (Bull.) Quél.

is a saprobic European jelly fungus with traditional culinary and medicinal significance, often said to resemble a human ear. It was originally named by Linnaeus and has been moved to different genera since, but its specific epithet was also changed from to by Bulliard in 1789, which is not normally a valid nomenclatural alteration. However, due to the practice of "name sanctioning" in the mycological nomenclatural code, this change has been accepted.

Tempo and mode of performance evolution across multiple independent origins of adhesive toe pads in lizards.

Understanding macroevolutionary dynamics of trait evolution is an important endeavor in evolutionary biology. Ecological opportunity can liberate a trait as it diversifies through trait space, while genetic and selective constraints can limit diversification. While many studies have examined the dynamics of morphological traits, diverse morphological traits may yield the same or similar performance and as performance is often more proximately the target of selection, examining only morphology may give an incomplete understanding of evolutionary dynamics.

Modeling observed animal performance using the Weibull distribution.

To understand how organisms adapt, researchers must link performance and microhabitat. However, measuring performance, especially maximum performance, can sometimes be difficult. Here, we describe an improvement over previous techniques that only consider the largest observed values as maxima.

Stick or grip? Co-evolution of adhesive toepads and claws in Anolis lizards.

Exploring the relationship between phenotype and performance in an ecological and evolutionary context is crucial to understanding the adaptive nature of phenotypic traits. Despite their ubiquity in vertebrates, few studies have examined the functional and ecological significance of claw morphologies. Here we examine the adhesive toepad and claw system of Anolis lizards.

Geckoprinting: assembly of microelectronic devices on unconventional surfaces by transfer printing with isolated gecko setal arrays.

Developing electronics in unconventional forms provides opportunities to expand the use of electronics in diverse applications including bio-integrated or implanted electronics. One of the key challenges lies in integrating semiconductor microdevices onto unconventional substrates without glue, high pressure or temperature that may cause damage to microdevices, substrates or interfaces. This paper describes a solution based on natural gecko setal arrays that switch adhesion mechanically on and off, enabling pick and place manipulation of thin microscale semiconductor materials onto diverse surfaces including plants and insects whose surfaces are usually rough and irregular.