Renewable energy as a solution to climate change: Insights from a comprehensive study across nations.

Without fundamentally altering how humans generate and utilise energy, there is no effective strategy to safeguard the environment. The motivation behind this study was to analyse the effectiveness of renewable energy in addressing climate change, as it is one of the most pressing global issues. This study involved the analysis of panel data covering 138 nations over a 27 year period, from 1995 to 2021, making it the latest addition to the existing literature.

In-droplet hydrogen-deuterium exchange to examine protein/peptide solution conformer heterogeneity.

Rationale: Many different structure analysis techniques are not capable of probing the heterogeneity of solution conformations. Here, we examine the ability of in-droplet hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) to directly probe solution conformer heterogeneity of a protein with mass spectrometry (MS) detection.

Methods: Two vibrating capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) devices have been arranged such that they generate microdroplet plumes of the analyte and D O reagent, which coalesce to form reaction droplets where HDX takes place in the solution environment.

Capillary Vibrating Sharp-Edge Spray Ionization Augments Field-Free Ionization Techniques to Promote Conformer Preservation in the Gas-Phase for Intractable Biomolecular Ions.

Field-free capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) is evaluated for its ability to conduct native mass spectrometry (MS) experiments. The charge state distributions for nine globular proteins are compared using field-free cVSSI, field-enabled cVSSI, and electrospray ionization (ESI). In general, for both positive and negative ion mode, the average charge state () increases for field-free cVSSI with increasing molecular weight similar to ESI.

Characterizing Multidevice Capillary Vibrating Sharp-Edge Spray Ionization for Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange to Enhance Compound Identification.

Multidevice capillary vibrating sharp-edge spray ionization (cVSSI) source parameters have been examined to determine their effects on conducting hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) experiments. Control experiments using select compounds indicate that the observed differences in mass spectral isotopic distributions obtained upon initiation of HDX result primarily from solution-phase reactions as opposed to gas-phase exchange. Preliminary studies have determined that robust HDX can only be achieved with the application of same-polarity voltage to both the analyte and the deuterium oxide reagent (DO) cVSSI devices.