25G Pars Plana Vitrectomy-Lensectomy and Sulcus IOL Implantation for Patients with Cataract and Cornea Guttata.

Corneal guttata is a non-inflammatory progressive decline of endothelial cell density (ECD) which represents an early clinical feature of Fuch's dystrophy. In patients with corneal guttata, the relative risk for corneal transplantation after phacoemulsification has been found to be 68.2 times higher than in those without it.

Correlation between Bovine Arch and Thoracic Aortic Disease: A Literature Review.

The bovine artery is considered the most frequent aortic arch branching variation. Despite being considered a normal variation of the aortic arch branching, still it has been linked with various issues regarding the thoracic aorta. The aim of this study is to highlight the prevalence of bovine artery among specific vascular pathologies throughout the literature and to provide information to clinicians about the importance of identifying this variation.

In-Office Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Injection to Close Recently Operated or Reopened Macular Holes: A Minimal Approach Technique.

To describe an in-office minimal approach technique for closing recently operated full thickness macular holes (FTMH), when closure was not fully achieved or there was macular hole re-formation, without performing another pars plana vitrectomy (PPV). Retrospective case series study. Nine patients were included in this case series.

Molecular Biologic Milieu in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy: A Literature Review.

Multiple lines of evidence support an immunologic response along with inflammation to be implicated in the pathophysiology of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the signaling molecules in the vitreous and subretinal fluid (SRF) involved in these processes. A detailed literature search was performed in PubMed database until November 2021.