A UPLC-MS/MS method for therapeutic drug monitoring of etonogestrel.

Introduction: Etonogestrel (ENG) is a progestin used in the contraceptive vaginal ring NuvaRing and the subdermal implant Implanon. A sensitive method for measuring ENG is useful for further investigating the progestin's pharmacokinetics with these alternative contraceptive formulations and generating important information about possible continued efficacy or potential failure to remove the subdermal implant.

Methods: Standards and serum samples were spiked with D8-progesterone (internal standard) and subsequently extracted with dichloromethane, dried, and reconstituted in 25% methanol with formic acid.

Prevalence and management of patients using medication targeting obstructive lung disease: a cross-sectional study in primary healthcare in Greenland.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalent use of drugs targeting obstructive lung diseases among adults aged 50 or above in Greenland and to assess the use of spirometry testing among these medication users.

Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study based on reviews of electronic medical records.

Methods: The study was performed in the 6 largest primary healthcare clinics in Greenland, representing approximately 67.

High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for polymyxin B1 and B2 in human plasma.

Background: Polymyxin B is an old antibiotic with increasing clinical relevance in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections. However, current dosing regimens are largely empiric as clinical pharmacological characterization of the drug has been hindered by the lack of assays to measure polymyxin B in human plasma.

Methods: A high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay was developed to quantify polymyxin B1 and B2 in human plasma using pure calibrators.

Molecular cloning of the baboon UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B gene family and their activity in conjugating morphine.

Glucuronidation by UDP-glucuronyltransferase 2B enzymes (UGT2Bs) is a major pathway for the elimination of endobiotics and xenobiotics, including therapeutic drugs. Morphine, a probe drug for UGT2B7, is metabolized to morphine-3-beta-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-beta-glucuronide (M6G) in humans. Morphine has been used in a series of experiments in the baboon to characterize developmental changes in fetal glucuronidation.

Placental transfer and fetal elimination of morphine-3-beta-glucuronide in the pregnant baboon.

The glucuronide metabolites of several widely used drugs are detected in fetal plasma after maternal drug administration. However, the disposition of these metabolites is poorly understood and clinical concerns have been raised about accumulation of active metabolites in the fetus. For this reason, morphine-3-beta-glucuronide (M3G), an active metabolite of morphine, was studied to provide quantitative data on disposition.