[Neurologic indications of botulin in adults].

Botulin is established as first-line treatment in cervical dystonia, blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and stroke-related spasticity of the distal parts of the upper limb. In addition, many other motor disorders and muscular hyperactivity states and neurologic symptoms and manifestations, in which temporary muscle paralysis, analgesic properties and effects on the functioning of the autonomic nervous system brought about by botulin can be utilized, have become indications for use. With proper dosage, botulin has proven to be safe even in prolonged use, the effect usually lasting for years.

[Update on current care guidelines. Parkinson's disease].

Following the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, treatment may be initiated with MAO-B-inhibitor, even prior to the development of any functional deficit. For patients with a functional deficit who are younger (usually under 75 years of age) and otherwise in good condition, treatment should be started with a dopamine agonist or MAO-B-inhibitor. In other patients, initial treatment with levodopa is recommended.

Recurrent falls and mortality in Parkinson's disease: a prospective two-year follow-up study.

Objectives: To evaluate the risk factors for recurrent falling and mortality in Parkinson's disease (PD) in a prospective study design.

Materials And Methods: One hundred and twenty-five PD patients were included in the study. Baseline medical data were collected, and patients were clinically tested for mobility and balance.

Sudomotor dysfunction in patients with optic neuritis.

Objectives: Optic neuritis (ON) is a frequent initial manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS). Autonomic failure affecting the pupillary function is known to exist in ON patients, and patients with MS are known to have more widespread autonomic dysfunction. For example, sudomotor dysfunction is well known in MS.

Sweating impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objectives: To measure sweating in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

Materials And Methods: Sweating was measured by an evaporimeter after a heating stimulus in 29 MS patients and in 15 healthy control subjects.

Results: The MS patients sweated markedly less than the controls.