Separating edges from microstructure in X-ray dark-field imaging: evolving and devolving perspectives via the X-ray Fokker-Planck equation.

A key contribution to X-ray dark-field (XDF) contrast is the diffusion of X-rays by sample structures smaller than the imaging system's spatial resolution; this is related to position-dependent small-angle X-ray scattering. However, some experimental XDF techniques have reported that XDF contrast is also generated by resolvable sample edges. Speckle-based X-ray imaging (SBXI) extracts the XDF by analyzing sample-imposed changes to a reference speckle pattern's visibility.

Diverse Interactions of Sterols with Amyloid Precursor Protein Transmembrane Domain Can Shift Distribution Between Alternative Amyloid-β Production Cascades in Manner Dependent on Local Lipid Environment.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is correlated with the membrane content of various lipid species, including cholesterol, whose interactions with amyloid precursor protein (APP) have been extensively explored. Amyloid-β peptides triggering AD are products of APP cleavage by secretases, which differ depending on the APP and secretase location relative to ordered or disordered membrane microdomains. We used high-resolution NMR to probe the interactions of the cholesterol analog with APP transmembrane domain in two membrane-mimicking systems resembling ordered or perturbed lipid environments (bicelles/micelles).

Enhancing genetic discovery through narrow phenotyping in schizophrenia.

Background: Schizophrenia varies greatly from person to person, mainly because of its polygenic nature. Consequently, schizophrenia patients form distinct subphenotypes of schizophrenia, with specific symptom patterns and outcomes.

Methods: This study included 4257 adults, with long-term schizophrenia (control - 8955 individuals) who were assessed for schizophrenia with potentially severe outcomes based on following criteria: disability in functional and/or physical domains before the age of 40; severe negative symptoms (present in infancy or shortly after onset); a continuous course of the disease.

Multifunctional PAMAM Dendrimers Carrying SAHA, 5-FU, and a Therapeutic Gene for Targeted Co-Delivery Toward Colorectal Cancer Cells.

A promising approach to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) involves combining chemotherapy, epigenetics, and gene therapy to combat drug resistance. Multifunctional nanocarriers have emerged as a valuable tool for targeted CRC therapy. By delivering multiple treatments directly to cancer cells, these nanocarriers offer the potential for improved outcomes and reduced side effects.

Production cross sections of Rh and Ag in proton bombed Pb target with 400 MeV energy.

The accelerator-driven subcritical system (ADS) is a competitive option for next-generation nuclear energy systems. Production cross sections of long-lived residual radioactive nuclides in a proton-nuclide reaction are basic quantities for the calculation of accumulated radioactivity in the use of ADS systems. This work presents the production cross sections of Rh and Ag in a natural lead (Pb) target activated by 400 MeV protons.