Optimization of droplet digital PCR assays for the type-specific detection and quantification of five HPV genotypes, including additional data on viral loads of nine different HPV genotypes in cervical carcinomas.

The droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) system enables high-sensitivity detection of nucleic acids and direct absolute quantification of the targets. The aim of this research was to evaluate this system for viral load (VL) analysis of the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes HPV31, 35, 39, 51 and 56 measured in number of viral particles per cell. The sample types used for the optimization of the ddPCR assay were formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues and cervical liquid cytology samples.

[Clinical aspects of strabismus with insufficiency of the superior oblique muscle].

Clinical features of vertical strabismus with superior oblique muscle insufficiency were studied in 123 patients. A complex of clinical methods was used and clinical evaluation of these methods made. Various forms of strabismus with superior oblique muscle insufficiency were detected.

[Role of biopotentials of the retina in the study of mechanisms of the development of nystagmus].

Total and local electroretinograms were studied simultaneously with registration of visual evoked potentials in 174 patients with nystagmus without pathologic shifts in the anterior section of the eyeball. Clinical and electrophysiologic findings permitting dividing the patients with nystagmus into two groups with different prognosis of the disease course: that without apparent changes in the fundus oculi with normal and subnormal parameters of the total and local ERG and that with pathologic changes in the retina and optic nerve and the corresponding electrophysiologic symptoms. Central mechanisms of nystagmus origin may be supposed in Group 1; visual function improved after pleoptic treatment.

[The clinical characteristics and treatment tactics of vertical strabismus].

Examination of 328 patients with vertical squint has revealed peculiarities of its clinical forms. Their characteristics are: I. Concomitant vertical squint; II.