POLG epilepsy presenting as new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) in pregnancy.

A 21-year-old woman developed explosive new-onset refractory status epilepticus when 18 weeks pregnant. She had been previously well with no history of seizures and a normal developmental history. She had initially presented with focal impaired awareness seizures but subsequently developed status epilepticus requiring intensive care unit admission and was successfully treated with multiple anti-seizure medications.

Postmenopausal hyperandrogenism due to an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumour causing elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate: a case report.

Background: The source of excess androgen can be obscure in postmenopausal women with new-onset hyperandrogenism. If serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) is raised, it is presumed to be of adrenal origin because DHEAS is exclusively produced from adrenal cortical cells. This reports an elderly female presenting with new-onset hyperandrogenism due to an ovarian sex cord-stromal tumour, associated with increased serum DHEAS levels.

Bortezomib for anti-NMDAR encephalitis following daclizumab treatment in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Daclizumab is an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody developed for the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, which was withdrawn worldwide in March 2018, due to emerging serious immune-mediated systemic andcentral nervous system adverse events. We report a case of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis occurring 14 weeks after stopping daclizumab, which responded to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib.

Methods: Following lack of effective clinical response to first line (corticosteroid, plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin) and second line (rituximab) treatments, bortezomib therapy was commenced.

Spinal surgery for a late-onset axial myopathy.

Axial myopathies with paraspinal predominance usually present with dropped head, abnormal posture or rigidity of the spine. Management of axial myopathy can be difficult and there is little data in the literature about surgical treatment. We discuss a case of axial myopathy with late-onset scoliosis and dropped head, focusing on the surgical management of the case.