A split-GAL4 driver line resource for neuron types.

Techniques that enable precise manipulations of subsets of neurons in the fly central nervous system (CNS) have greatly facilitated our understanding of the neural basis of behavior. Split-GAL4 driver lines allow specific targeting of cell types in and other species. We describe here a collection of 3060 lines targeting a range of cell types in the adult CNS and 1373 lines characterized in third-instar larvae.

Chlamydia muridarum Causes Persistent Subclinical Infection and Elicits Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and J:ARC(S) Mice Following Exposure to Shedding Mice.

Chlamydia muridarum (Cm) has reemerged as a moderately prevalent infectious agent in research mouse colonies. Despite its experimental use, few studies evaluate Cm's effects on immunocompetent mice following its natural route of infection. A Cm field isolate was administered (orogastric gavage) to 8-wk-old female BALB/cJ (C) mice.

Assessing the impact of messages about reduced nicotine cigar products among people who use little cigar and cigarillo: Insights from a discrete choice experiment.

Introduction: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) pursuit of a low nicotine standard for cigarettes raises concerns that a focus on cigarettes may encourage people to use other combusted tobacco products, undermining the policy's effectiveness.

Antimicrobial resistance profiles and molecular epidemiology of isolates from Scottish bovine mastitis cases.

are opportunistic pathogens which can cause mastitis in dairy cattle. mastitis often has a poor cure rate and can lead to the development of chronic infection, which has an impact on both health and production. However, there are few studies which aim to fully characterize by whole-genome sequencing from bovine mastitis cases.

Variability of interobserver interpretation of selected helminth ova in the development of a training image set.

Background: Diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis for surveillance relies on microscopic detection of ova in Kato-Katz (KK) prepared slides. Artificial intelligence (AI)-based platforms for parasitic eggs may be developed using a robust image set with defined labels by reference microscopists. This study aimed to determine interobserver variability among reference microscopists in identifying parasite ova.