Assessing spatial structure in marine populations using network theory: A case study of Atlantic sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) connectivity.

Knowledge of the geographic distribution and connectivity of marine populations is essential for ecological understanding and informing management. Previous works have assessed spatial structure by quantifying exchange using Lagrangian particle-tracking simulations, but their scope of analysis is limited by their use of predefined subpopulations. To instead delineate subpopulations emerging naturally from marine population connectivity, we interpret this connectivity as a network, enabling the use of powerful analytic tools from the field of network theory.

The influence of visual feedback on alleviating freezing of gait in Parkinson's disease is reduced by anxiety.

Background: Previous research has established that anxiety is associated with freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although providing body-related visual feedback has been previously suggested to improve FOG, it remains unclear whether anxiety-induced FOG might be improved.

Research Question: The current study aimed to evaluate whether body-related visual feedback (VF) improves FOG consistently across low and high threat conditions.

Validating a Seated Virtual Reality Threat Paradigm for Inducing Anxiety and Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: Although prior research has established that freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with anxiety, only one study to date has directly manipulated anxiety levels to induce FOG.

Objective: The current study aimed to replicate these previous findings and evaluate whether a seated version of a 'threat' virtual reality (VR) paradigm could induce anxiety and provoke FOG.

Methods: Twenty-four PD patients with FOG were assessed across various threat conditions in both a walking VR paradigm (Experiment 1) and a seated VR paradigm (Experiment 2).

Heart Rate Changes Prior to Freezing of Gait Episodes Are Related to Anxiety.

Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) in Parkinson's disease (PD) has been shown to be more frequent in stressful situations, implicating anxiety. Heart rate (HR) has been shown to increase prior to a FOG episode supporting the notion that elevated stress levels may trigger FOG. However, no studies to date have investigated whether elevated HR precedes all subtypes of FOG or only those episodes that are driven by anxiety.

Stage and cell-specific expression and intracellular localization of the small heat shock protein Hsp27 during oogenesis and spermatogenesis in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata.

The cell-specific expression and intracellular distribution of the small heat protein Hsp27 was investigated in the ovaries and testes of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (medfly), under both normal and heat shock conditions. For this study, a gfp-hsp27 strain was used to detect the chimeric protein by confocal microscopy. In unstressed ovaries, the protein was expressed throughout egg development in a stage and cell-specific pattern.