Sex Differences in Metabolic Disorders of Aging and Obesity in People with HIV.

Purpose Of Review: As advances in antiretroviral therapy for people with HIV (PWH) have prolonged lifespans, prevalence of aging and obesity related metabolic disorders have increased. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent research assessing sex differences in metabolic disorders among PWH, including weight gain/obesity, steatotic liver disease, insulin resistance/diabetes, dyslipidemia, bone loss/osteoporosis, and sarcopenia.

Recent Findings: A growing body of evidence shows that women with HIV are at increased risk of developing metabolic disorders compared to men, including body weight gain and obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, bone loss, and sarcopenia, while men with HIV are at higher risk for hepatosteatosis and hepatic fibrosis.

Lipopolysaccharide-mediated effects of the microbiota on sleep and body temperature.

Recent research suggests that microbial molecules translocated from the intestinal lumen into the host's internal environment may play a role in various physiological functions, including sleep. Previously, we identified that butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by intestinal bacteria, and lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of gram-positive bacteria, induce sleep when their naturally occurring translocation is mimicked by direct delivery into the portal vein. Building upon these findings, we aimed to explore the sleep signaling potential of intraportally administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a primary component of gram-negative bacterial cell walls, in rats.

Characterization of cellular and molecular immune components of the painted white sea urchin Lytechinus pictus in response to bacterial infection.

Sea urchins are basal deuterostomes that share key molecular components of innate immunity with vertebrates. They are a powerful model for the study of innate immune system evolution and function, especially during early development. Here we characterize the morphology and associated molecular markers of larval immune cell types in a newly developed model sea urchin, Lytechinus pictus.

Use of a Single-Fiber Optical Probe for the Detection of Tumor Fluorescence in High-Grade Glioma.

Background And Objectives: High-grade glioma (HGG) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The overall median survival is between 14 and 16 months. Fluorescence-guided surgery by detection of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence has been shown to improve the extent of resection, translating to improved progression-free survival.

The role of Kupffer cells in microbiota-brain communication: Sleep and fever signaling in response to lipopolysaccharide.

Microbial molecules translocated from the intestinal lumen into the host's internal environment play a role in various physiological functions. Previously, we identified that butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by intestinal bacteria, lipoteichoic acid, a cell wall component of gram-positive bacteria, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria, induce sleep when their naturally occurring translocation is mimicked by direct delivery into the portal vein. Our findings suggested that these microbial molecules exert their sleep-promoting effects within the hepatoportal region.