Neuropsychiatric adverse events in tenofovir disoproxil fumarate- and tenofovir alafenamide-based HIV therapy and prophylaxis: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.

Introduction: Tenofovir is integral to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and pre‑exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV; however, neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) associated with its use have not been systematically investigated.

Objectives: This systematic review aimed to characterize common NPAEs occurring during tenofovir‑based ART and PrEP, and to assess the specific role of tenofovir in their emergence.

Patients And Methods: Four literature databases and 3 trial registries were searched up to December 31, 2023 for randomized controlled trials reporting NPAEs in treatment‑naive adults receiving tenofovir‑based ART or PrEP.

Macromolecule Translocation across the Intestinal Mucosa of HIV-Infected Patients by Transcytosis and through Apoptotic Leaks.

Based on indirect evidence, increased mucosal translocation of gut-derived microbial macromolecules has been proposed as an important pathomechanism in HIV infection. Here, we quantified macromolecule translocation across intestinal mucosa from treatment-naive HIV-infected patients, HIV-infected patients treated by combination antiretroviral therapy, and HIV-negative controls and analyzed the translocation pathways involved. Macromolecule permeability was quantified by FITC-Dextran 4000 (FD4) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) flux measurements.

Cytolytic CD8 T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 and non-SARS-CoV-2-related viruses is associated with severe manifestation of COVID-19.

Little is known about the CD8 T cell functionality in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, we examined twenty-five hospitalized COVID-19 patients with moderate (MD) or severe disease (SD) as well as seventeen SARS-CoV-2-unexposed persons regarding the cytolytic and cytokine-producing reactivity of their CD8 T cells. Reactive CD8 T cells were detectable in 90% of the unexposed persons, confirming high cross-reactive immune memory in the general population.

Hospitalization of German and Dutch Nursing Home Residents Depend on Different Long-Term Care Structures: A Systematic Review on Periods of Increased Vulnerability.

Objective: To investigate proportions of hospitalized nursing home residents during periods of increased vulnerability, ie, the first 6 months after institutionalization and the last 6 months before death, and comparing the figures between Germany and the Netherlands.

Design: Systematic review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022312506).

Setting And Participants: Newly admitted or deceased residents.

Phase-and disorder-specific differences in peripheral metabolites of the kynurenine pathway in major depression, bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia.

Objectives: Kynurenine, kynurenic and quinolinic acid are important metabolites in tryptophan metabolism. Due to an involvement in glutamatergic neurotransmission and immune response, previous studies have investigated this pathway in mental disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) or schizophrenia (SCZ). Tryptophan and kynurenine have been shown to be decreased across disorders, hinting at the missing link how inflammation causes neurotoxicity and psychiatric symptoms.