Technology versus nostalgia; A randomized controlled trial of the effect of virtual reality and kaleidescop on pediatric pain, fear and anxiety management during immunization.

Background: Routine vaccination procedures, while crucial for public health, can induce pain, fear, and anxiety in children. Distraction techniques such as virtual reality and kaleidoscope have been proposed to alleviate these negative experiences during vaccinations.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of virtual reality and kaleidoscope as distraction methods in reducing pain, fear, and anxiety during routine vaccination in children aged 48 months.