Major complications following central neuraxial block - A multi-centre observational study in Maharashtra (MGMM CNB Study).

Background And Aims: Major complications of central neuraxial block (CNB) are rare and their incidence in India is not known. This information is essential for explaining risk and medico-legal concerns. The present multi-centre study in Maharashtra was conducted to provide insight into the characteristics of rare complications following this popular anaesthetic technique.

Karapandzic flap.

For full-thickness lip defects, the choice of reconstructive option depends on the size of the defect. Defects of one-quarter to one-third of the upper lip can be closed primarily. Largerdefects measuring one-third to two-thirds of the lower lip width may be closed with the Karapandzic, Abbe or Estlander flaps.