Orbital order and electron itinerancy in CoVO and MnCoVO from first principles.

In view of the recent experimental predictions of a weak structural transition in CoVO we explore the possible orbital order states in its low temperature tetragonal phases from first principles density functional theory calculations. We observe that the tetragonal phase with I41/amd symmetry is associated with an orbital order involving complex orbitals with a reasonably large orbital moment at vanadium sites while in the phase with I41/a symmetry, the real orbitals with quenched orbital moment constitute the orbital order. Further, to study the competition between orbital order and electron itinerancy we considered MnCoVO as one of the parent compounds, CoVO, lies near itinerant limit while the other, MnVO, lies deep inside the orbitally ordered insulating regime.

CrI-WTe: A Novel Two-Dimensional Heterostructure as Multisensor for BrF and COCL Toxic Gases.

A new multisensor (i.e. resistive and magnetic) CrI-WTe heterostructure (HS) to detect the toxic gases BrF and COCl (Phosgene) has been theoretically studied in our present investigation.

An ab initio study of sensing applications of MoB monolayer: a potential gas sensor.

Using first principles density functional theory, we have studied the interaction mechanism of NO2 and SO2 gas molecules on an MoB2 monolayer, for gas sensing applications. The selectivity for a particular gas by the sensor has been analyzed through electronic structure calculations and adsorption studies. The calculations have been performed by considering the fact that the MoB2 monolayer as a sensing material encounters a change in its electrical properties, when gas molecules with different orientations get adsorbed on the surface.

A Randomized, Crossover Trial of a Novel Sound-to-Sleep Mattress Technology in Children with Autism and Sleep Difficulties.

Study Objectives: This preliminary study investigated the tolerability and efficacy of a novel mattress technology-the Sound-To-Sleep (STS) system-in the treatment of sleep problems in children with autism.

Methods: After screening, 45 children, ages 2.5 to 12.

Polysomnography results in pediatric patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea: Adenotonsillectomy vs. watchful waiting.

Objective: There is a lack of consensus and a paucity of data regarding how to best treat pediatric patients with mild obstructive sleep apnea. The objective of our study was to compare outcomes following adenotonsillectomy vs. observation in children with mild obstructive sleep apnea based on polysomnography results.

Chronic inflammation masquerading as an appendiceal tumour with peritoneal metastasis: the challenge of diagnosis and the lessons learnt.

Advanced radiological imaging has largely replaced exploratory operations and has become an essential diagnostic tool clinicians routinely rely on. However, physicians are faced with a lot of radiological findings without histological proof, and assuming a more serious diagnosis may lead to unnecessary investigations and emotional stress for patients. We report an unusual presentation of chronic appendicitis with a synchronous peritoneal nodule on CT in a 76-year-old woman who presented with poor appetite, weight loss and a mass in the right iliac fossa.

Neck Circumference-Height Ratio as a Predictor of Sleep Related Breathing Disorder in Children and Adults.

Study Objectives: While neck circumference (NC) is a useful predictor of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults, childhood OSA is difficult to predict clinically. We utilized the neck circumference-height ratio (NHR) to normalize NC in growing children. Our study aimed to determine if (1) NC is a reproducible clinical measurement; (2) NHR predicts OSA in children; (3) this metric translates to adults.

Caffeine Awareness in Children: Insights from a Pilot Study.

Study Objectives: Caffeine, a commonly consumed psychoactive substance, can have significant effects on sleep. Caffeine intake among children is increasing, mainly in the form of sodas. However, adolescent caffeine consumers may lack knowledge about the caffeine content in common beverages.

Utility of preoperative cardiac evaluation in pediatric patients undergoing surgery for obstructive sleep apnea.

Objectives: To identify the prevalence of clinically relevant findings during cardiac evaluations of pediatric patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) undergoing adenotonsillectomy (TA), and to determine the association between cardiac findings and postoperative respiratory complications.

Design: Retrospective medical chart review.

Patients: Pediatric patients aged 10 months to 15 years who underwent both echocardiography and polysomnography (PSG) within 6 months prior to TA for OSA from April 2007 through April 2011.

Body position and obstructive sleep apnea in children with Down syndrome.

Introduction: Children with Down syndrome (DS) commonly have obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and may assume a unique sleeping position not systematically described previously. We describe this sleep position in DS and explore its relationship with OSAS in comparison to control children (CC).

Methods: Overnight video-polysomnograms (PSG) of consecutive children with DS (age 2-18 y), referred to our center between April 2008 and October 2009, were retrospectively analyzed by a single scorer (ES).

Persistence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children after adenotonsillectomy.

Objective: To investigate the relative contribution of various risk factors to the surgical outcome of adenotonsillectomy for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children.

Study Design: Children (n = 110; mean age, 6.4 +/- 3.

Urinary F2-isoprostane metabolite levels in children with sleep-disordered breathing.

Oxidant stress-related mechanisms have been proposed as a major contributor to the increased prevalence of cardiovascular morbidity in adult patients with sleep-disordered breathing. Isoprostanes provide a reliable biomarker of oxidant injury in vivo. The purpose of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that oxidant stress, as evidenced by increased levels of F2-isoprostane metabolites (IsoP-m) in urine, is present in children with a spectrum of sleep-disordered breathing.

Inflammatory mediators in exhaled breath condensate of children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Background: Upper airway inflammation is now recognized in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. However, the role played by eicosanoids such as leukotrienes and prostaglandins is unclear.

Objective: To investigate whether eicosanoids are measurable in exhaled breath condensate (EBC), and to determine whether differences in these inflammatory mediators emerge among children with and without sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

Sleep studies: which technologies?

The demand for sleep services for young patients has escalated due to the increased recognition of pediatric sleep disorders over the past two decades. In this overview, we will highlight the essentials of pediatric sleep monitoring and stress particular issues that require the awareness of clinicians evaluating children for sleep disorders. While many techniques used in the "adult" sleep centers may suffice for the older adolescent patient, specific tailoring of the design of the sleep center to younger children and their families, and attention to the age-sensitive components of sleep data acquisition and interpretation are increasingly important in younger children.

Urinary protein expression patterns in children with sleep-disordered breathing: preliminary findings.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing, with almost 15 million Americans affected and many more at risk. Current diagnostic approach to OSA requires polysomnography, which is laborious, onerous, and time-consuming. There is ample evidence that inflammatory responses to the perturbations associated with OSA trigger a variety of genes and signaling cascades that ultimately lead to end-organ injury and changes in kidney function and protein expression.