Independent Risk Factors Predicting Eradication Failure of Hybrid Therapy for the First-Line Treatment of Infection.

Hybrid therapy is a recommended first-line anti- treatment option in the American College of Gastroenterology guidelines, the Bangkok Consensus Report on management, and the Taiwan Consensus Report. However, the cure rates of eradication therapy in some countries are suboptimal, and the factors affecting the treatment efficacy of hybrid therapy remain unclear. The aim of this study is to identify the independent risk factors predicting eradication failure of hybrid therapy in the first-line treatment of infection.

Hybrid, High-Dose Dual and Bismuth Quadruple Therapies for First-Line Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Taiwan: A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial.

Introduction: The study aimed to compare the efficacies and safety of 14-day hybrid therapy, 14-day high-dose dual therapy, and 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy in the first-line treatment of Helicobacter pylori infections.

Methods: In this multicenter, open-label, randomized trial, we recruited adult H. pylori -infected patients from 9 centers in Taiwan.

REAP-HP survey 2020: Comparing the real-world practice and expectation in Helicobacter pylori eradication of the Taiwanese gastroenterologists in 2015 and 2020.

Background: REAP-HP study (Real-world practice and Expectation of Asia-Pacific physicians and patients in Helicobacter Pylori eradication) was the pioneer study investigating the expectation and preference of physicians across Asia-Pacific in H. pylori eradication in 2015. This study is the first follow-up study of REAP-HP in Taiwan.

Silicon-containing water intake confers antioxidant effect, gastrointestinal protection, and gut microbiota modulation in the rodents.

We explored the effects of silicon-containing water (BT) intake on gastrointestinal function and gut microbiota. BT was obtained by pressuring tap water through silicon minerals (mullite, Al6Si2O13) column. BT decreased H2O2 chemiluminescence counts, indicating its antioxidant activity.

Fourteen-day sequential therapy is superior to 7-day triple therapy as first-line regimen for Helicobacter pylori infected children.

Background/purpose: Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most common causes of peptic ulcer disease among children. This study is aimed to investigate the eradication rate of 14-day sequential therapy and the antibiotic resistance of H. pylori in children.

Residence Time-Extended Nanoparticles by Magnetic Field Improve the Eradication Efficiency of .

infection is one of the leading causes of several gastroduodenal diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. In fact, eradication provides a preventive effect against the incidence of gastric cancer. Amoxicillin is a commonly used antibiotic for eradication.

Efficacy of second-line regimens for eradication treatment: a systemic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Current guidelines recommend bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (BQT) and quinolone-containing therapy after failure of first-line eradication therapy. However, the optimum regimen of second-line eradication therapy remains elusive. We conducted a network meta-analysis to compare the relative efficacy of 16 second-line eradication regimens.

Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing-Guided Salvage Therapy in the USA: A Real Life Experience.

Background: The current practice guidelines recommend that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) be considered after patients failed the second course of H. pylori eradication therapy.

Rifamycin SV MMX for the treatment of traveler's diarrhea.

Rifamycin SV MMX®, a non-absorbable rifamycin antibiotic formulated using the multi-matrix system, was designed to exhibit its pharmacological action on the distal small intestine and colon. Its clinical efficacy and safety profile in the treatment of traveler's diarrhea were evaluated in several clinical studies. Areas covered: This review summarizes all available evidence regarding clinical trials of the efficacy and safety profile of rifamycin SV MMX for the treatment of traveler's diarrhea.

Change of Uncertainty in Illness and Unmet Care Needs in Patients With Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinoma During Active Treatment.

Background: Uncertainty about or related to cancer-related treatment and prognosis is commonly experienced by patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and might be associated with unmet care needs. However, their dynamic associations have not been examined in this population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore change in unmet care needs and uncertainty under different levels of uncertainty (low vs high) before discharge and the significant factors related to change of uncertainty in patients with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after treatment.

Real-world practice and Expectation of Asia-Pacific physicians and patients in Helicobacter Pylori eradication (REAP-HP Survey).

Objective: The aims of the study were: 1, to survey the most popular anti-H. pylori regimens in Asia-Pacific region and the real-world effectiveness of these regimens; and 2, to investigate the expectation gaps of eradication rate between physicians and patients.

Design: A questionnaire was distributed to Asia-Pacific physicians who attended the Asia-Pacific Digestive Week 2015 meeting.

The C-terminal disulfide bonds of Helicobacter pylori GroES are critical for IL-8 secretion via the TLR4-dependent pathway in gastric epithelial cells.

Helicobacter pylori GroES (HpGroES), a potent immunogen, is a secreted virulence factor that stimulates production of proinflammatory cytokines and may contribute to gastric carcinogenesis. HpGroES is larger than other bacterial orthologs because of an additional C-terminal region, known as domain B. We found that the HpGroES-induced IL-8 release by human gastric epithelial cells was dependent on activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways.

High-dose dual therapy is superior to standard first-line or rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection.

Background & Aims: The efficacy of treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection has decreased steadily because of increasing resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin. Resistance to amoxicillin is generally low, and high intragastric pH increases the efficacy of amoxicillin, so we investigated whether a combination of a high-dose proton pump inhibitor and amoxicillin (dual therapy) was more effective than standard first-line or rescue therapies in eradicating H pylori.

Methods: We performed a large-scale multihospital trial to compare the efficacy of a high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) with that of standard therapies in treatment-naive (n = 450) or treatment-experienced (n = 168) patients with H pylori infection.

Deep-sea water containing selenium provides intestinal protection against duodenal ulcers through the upregulation of Bcl-2 and thioredoxin reductase 1.

Deep-sea water (DSW), which is rich in micronutrients and minerals and with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities, may be developed as marine drugs to provide intestinal protection against duodenal ulcers. We determined several characteristics in the modified DSW. We explored duodenal pressure, oxygenation, microvascular blood flow, and changes in pH and oxidative redox potential (ORP) values within the stomach and duodenum in response to tap water (TW, hardness: 2.

Sialic acid rescues repurified lipopolysaccharide-induced acute renal failure via inhibiting TLR4/PKC/gp91-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis signaling.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) through Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation induce systemic inflammation where oxidative damage plays a key role in multiple organ failure. Because of the neutralization of LPS toxicity by sialic acid (SA), we determined its effect and mechanisms on repurified LPS (rLPS)-evoked acute renal failure. We assessed the effect of intravenous SA (10 mg/kg body weight) on rLPS-induced renal injury in female Wistar rats by evaluating blood and kidney reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses, renal and systemic hemodynamics, renal function, histopathology, and molecular mechanisms.

Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: current status and future concepts.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is highly associated with the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases, including gastric inflammation, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma. Although alternative therapies, including phytomedicines and probiotics, have been used to improve eradication, current treatment still relies on a combination of antimicrobial agents, such as amoxicillin, clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin, and antisecretory agents, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Catechins and Sialic Acid Attenuate Helicobacter pylori-Triggered Epithelial Caspase-1 Activity and Eradicate Helicobacter pylori Infection.

The inflammasome/caspase-1 signaling pathway in immune cells plays a critical role in bacterial pathogenesis; however, the regulation of this pathway in the gastric epithelium during Helicobacter pylori infection is yet to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the effect of catechins (CAs), sialic acid (SA), or combination of CA and SA (CASA) on H. pylori-induced caspase-1-mediated epithelial damage, as well as H.

Combined cholecystectomy in gastric cancer surgery.

Background: Many studies have described the risk factors of gallstone formation in gastric cancer patients after gastrectomy, but few studies focus on the management of asymptomatic gallstones. Our goal is to examine the rationale of simultaneous cholecystectomy during gastric cancer surgery, and influence of surgical mortality, morbidity and overall survival after combined cholecystectomy and gastrectomy.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 445 gastric cancer patients and the gallbladders evaluated by abdominal ultrasound or computed tomography preoperatively and postoperatively.

VCP phosphorylation-dependent interaction partners prevent apoptosis in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells.

Previous studies have demonstrated that valosin-containing protein (VCP) is associated with H. pylori-induced gastric carcinogenesis. By identifying the interactome of VCP overexpressed in AGS cells using a subtractive proteomics approach, we aimed to characterize the cellular responses mediated by VCP and its functional roles in H.

Improved dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of lovastatin in red yeast rice products.

Lovastatin, categorized as a class II compound according to the Biopharmaceutics Classification System, is mainly responsible for the blood cholesterol lowering effect of red yeast rice (RYR). The aim of this study was to compare the dissolution rate, physical state, and oral bioavailability of lovastatin in three RYR products (LipoCol Forte, Cholestin, or Xuezhikang) to those of two lovastatin tablets (Mevacor or Lovasta). The results showed that the dissolution rate of lovastatin in various dissolution media in the registered RYR products was faster and higher than that of lovastatin in lovastatin tablets.

Interaction between Red Yeast Rice and CYP450 Enzymes/P-Glycoprotein and Its Implication for the Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lovastatin.

Red yeast rice (RYR) can reduce cholesterol through its active component, lovastatin. This study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of lovastatin in RYR products and potential RYR-drug interactions. Extracts of three registered RYR products (LipoCol Forte, Cholestin, and Xuezhikang) were more effective than pure lovastatin in inhibiting the activities of cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein.

Differential inhibitory effects of proton pump inhibitors on the metabolism and antiplatelet activities of clopidogrel and prasugrel.

The interaction between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and clopidogrel/prasugrel was investigated. The IC50 values of omeprazole, esomeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole and rabeprazole on the metabolic ratios of 2-oxo-clopidogrel/clopidogrel, H4 (the active metabolite of clopidogrel)/2-oxo-clopidogrel and R-138727 (the active metabolite of prasugrel)/prasugrel thiolactone in human liver microsomes were determined. The antiplatelet activities of clopidogrel and prasugrel were measured with or without PPIs.