New types of diaphragms and cervical caps versus older types of diaphragms and different gels for contraception: a systematic review.

Introduction: Our primary objective was to evaluate whether new types of single-size diaphragms or cervical caps differ in prevention of pregnancy compared with older types of diaphragms, and whether different types of gels differ in their ability to prevent pregnancy. A secondary aim was to evaluate method discontinuation and complications.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library.

Childhood nocturnal enuresis-a marker for pelvic floor disorders and urinary tract symptoms in women?

Introduction And Hypothesis: A systematic survey on the association between childhood nocturnal enuresis (CNE) and adult pelvic floor disorders (PFDs) has not been presented previously. The aim was to describe the prevalence of PFDs and lower urinary tract symptoms in nulliparous women, with or without a history of CNE, at the age of ≥ 5 years.

Methods: This national survey of urinary (UI) and fecal incontinence (FI) and symptoms of pelvic organ prolapse (sPOP) was a random sample of 20,000 nulliparous women aged 25-64 years conducted in 2014.