Pyrolysis temperature and time of rice husk biochar potentially control ammonia emissions and Chinese cabbage yield from urea-fertilized soils.

Current agricultural practices are increasingly favoring the biochar application to sequester carbon, enhance crop growth, and mitigate various environmental pollutants resulting from nitrogen (N) loss. However, since biochar's characteristics can vary depending on pyrolysis conditions, it is essential to determine the optimal standard, as they can have different effects on soil health. In this study, we categorized rice husk biochars basis on their pH levels and investigated the role of each rice husk biochar in reducing ammonia (NH) emissions and promoting the growth of Chinese cabbage in urea-fertilized fields.

Low-density polyethylene microplastics alter chemical properties and microbial communities in agricultural soil.

Microplastic (MP) pollution in agricultural soils, resulting from the use of plastic mulch, compost, and sewage sludge, jeopardizes the soil microbial populations. However, the effects of MPs on soil chemical properties and microbial communities remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of different concentration levels (0, 0.

ABA-dependent suberization and aquaporin activity in rice ( L.) root under different water potentials.

Drought is one of the most stressful environments limiting crop growth and yield throughout the world. Therefore, most efforts have been made to document drought-derived genetic and physiological responses and to find better ways to improve drought tolerance. The interaction among them is unclear and/or less investigated.

Transcriptional Expression of Nitrogen Metabolism Genes and Primary Metabolic Variations in Rice Affected by Different Water Status.

The era of climate change strongly requires higher efficiency of energies, such as light, water, nutrients, etc., during crop production. Rice is the world's greatest water-consuming plant, and, thus, water-saving practices such as alternative wetting and drying (AWD) are widely recommended worldwide.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the poisonous mushroom (Hypocreaceae).

is a poisonous mushroom that contains trichothecene mycotoxins. The complete mitochondrial genome of this mushroom was determined using next-generation sequencing. This mitogenome is a circular molecule 94,608 bp in length with a GC content of 27.

Effects of limited water supply on metabolite composition in tomato fruits ( L.) in two soils with different nutrient conditions.

Effect of water supply to metabolites in tomato fruit was compared in two soils with different nutrient conditions, i.e., either limited or excess.

Transcriptional Comparison of Genes Associated with Photosynthesis, Photorespiration, and Photo-Assimilate Allocation and Metabolic Profiling of Rice Species.

The ever-increasing human population alongside environmental deterioration has presented a pressing demand for increased food production per unit area. As a consequence, considerable research effort is currently being expended in assessing approaches to enhance crop yields. One such approach is to harness the allelic variation lost in domestication.

Hormonal Crosstalk and Root Suberization for Drought Stress Tolerance in Plants.

Higher plants in terrestrial environments face to numerous unpredictable environmental challenges, which lead to a significant impact on plant growth and development. In particular, the climate change caused by global warming is causing drought stress and rapid desertification in agricultural fields. Many scientific advances have been achieved to solve these problems for agricultural and plant ecosystems.

UVB Irradiation-Induced Transcriptional Changes in Lignin- and Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Indole/Tryptophan-Auxin-Responsive Genes in Rice Seedlings.

Global warming accelerates the destruction of the ozone layer, increasing the amount of UVB reaching the Earth's surface, which in turn alters plant growth and development. The effects of UVB-induced alterations of plant secondary and cell wall metabolism were previously documented; however, there is little knowledge of its effects on rice seedlings during the developmental phase of leaves. In this study, we examined secondary metabolic responses to UVB stress using a transcriptomic approach, focusing on the biosynthetic pathways for lignin, flavonoid, and indole/tryptophan-auxin responses.

Biochar alters chemical and microbial properties of microplastic-contaminated soil.

The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in soils can negatively affect soil biodiversity and function. Soil amendments applied to MP-contaminated soil can alter the overall soil properties and enhance its functions and processes. However, little is known about how soil amendments improve the quality of MP-contaminated soils.

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis among Germplasm of by SSR Markers.

is a popular edible mushroom that is cultivated worldwide. Due to its secondary homothallic nature, cultivated strains have low genetic diversity, and breeding novel strains is challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of globally collected .

Combined Effects of Nutrients × Water × Light on Metabolite Composition in Tomato Fruits ( L.).

Tomato cultivation in the greenhouse can be facilitated by supplemental light. We compared the combined effects of nutrients, water, and supplemental light (red) on tomato fruit quality. To do this, three different nutrient conditions were tested, i.

Transcriptional Changes of Cell Wall Organization Genes and Soluble Carbohydrate Alteration during Leaf Blade Development of Rice Seedlings.

Plant cell walls have two constituent parts with different components and developmental stages. Much of the mystery concerning the mechanisms of synthesis, decomposition, modification, and so forth, has been resolved using omics and microscopic techniques. However, it still remains to be determined how cell wall development progresses over time after leaf emergence.

Effects of Nutrient and Water Supply During Fruit Development on Metabolite Composition in Tomato Fruits ( L.) Grown in Magnesium Excess Soils.

Tomato cultivation in the greenhouse or field may experience high surplus salts, including magnesium (Mg), which may result in differences in the growth and metabolite composition of fruits. This study hypothesized that decreasing the supply of nutrients and/or water would enhance tomato fruit quality in soils with excess Mg that are frequently encountered in the field and aimed to find better supply conditions. For tomato plants cultivated in plastic pots using a plastic film house soil, the fertilizer supply varied in either the nitrogen (N) or potassium (K) concentration, which were either 0.

Metabolomic response of Perilla frutescens leaves, an edible-medicinal herb, to acclimatize magnesium oversupply.

High salt accumulation, resulting from the rampant use of chemical fertilizers in greenhouse cultivation, has deleterious effects on plant growth and crop yield. Herein, we delineated the effects of magnesium (Mg) oversupply on Perilla frutescens leaves, a traditional edible and medicinal herb used in East-Asian countries. Mg oversupply resulted in significantly higher chlorophyll content coupled with lower antioxidant activities and growth, suggesting a direct effect on subtle metabolomes.

Molecular Characterization of 170 New gDNA-SSR Markers for Genetic Diversity in Button Mushroom ().

We designed 170 new simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers based on the whole-genome sequence data of button mushroom (), and selected 121 polymorphic markers. A total of 121 polymorphic markers, the average major allele frequency (M) and the average number of alleles (N) were 0.50 and 5.

Exogenous Glutathione Increases Arsenic Translocation Into Shoots and Alleviates Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress by Sustaining Ascorbate-Glutathione Homeostasis in Rice Seedlings.

Glutathione (GSH) plays diverse roles in the physiological processes, stress defense, growth, and development of plants. This study investigated the effects of exogenous GSH on the biochemical responses of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels in rice ( L. cv.

Impacts of biochar application on upland agriculture: A review.

Soil degradation has become an emerging global problem limiting sustainable upland crop production. Soil erosion, soil acidity, low fertility, inorganic/organic contamination, and salinization challenge food security and lead to severe economic constraints. Therefore, a new research agenda to develop cost-beneficial amendments for improving upland soil quality and productivity is urgently required.

The Relationship between Turgor Pressure Change and Cell Hydraulics of Midrib Parenchyma Cells in the Leaves of Zea mays.

Leaf dehydration decreases water potential and cell turgor pressure. Therefore, changes in cell turgor pressure may regulate water transport across plant cell membranes. Using a cell pressure probe, the hydraulic properties of parenchyma cells in the midrib of maize ( L.

Diurnal changes in CN metabolism and response of rice seedlings to UV-B radiation.

Plants regulate a number of primary metabolites, including carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids, in response to UV-B radiation. Therefore, it is essential to understand the time-dependent response of rice plants to UV-B stress. This study focused on the response of plants to UV-B at different leaf developmental phases (emerging, growing, and maturing) in an attempt to fully comprehend the metabolic shift.

Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of BR-deficient Micro-Tom reveals correlations between drought stress tolerance and brassinosteroid signaling in tomato.

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid hormones that play crucial roles in a range of growth and developmental processes. Although BR signal transduction and biosynthetic pathways have been well characterized in model plants, their biological roles in an important crop, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), remain unknown. Here, cultivated tomato (WT) and a BR synthesis mutant, Micro-Tom (MT), were compared using physiological and transcriptomic approaches.

Development of cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and high-resolution melting (HRM) markers from the chloroplast genome of species.

Licorice () is an important medicinal crop often used as health foods or medicine worldwide. The molecular genetics of licorice is under scarce owing to lack of molecular markers. Here, we have developed cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) and high-resolution melting (HRM) markers based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) by comparing the chloroplast genomes of two species ( and ).

Composite Transport Model and Water and Solute Transport across Plant Roots: An Update.

The present review examines recent experimental findings in root transport phenomena in terms of the composite transport model (CTM). It has been a well-accepted conceptual model to explain the complex water and solute flows across the root that has been related to the composite anatomical structure. There are three parallel pathways involved in the transport of water and solutes in roots - apoplast, symplast, and transcellular paths.