Temporal Variations Rather than Long-Term Warming Control Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community Structures in the High Arctic Soil.

In Arctic soils, warming accelerates decomposition of organic matter and increases emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs), contributing to a positive feedback to climate change. Although microorganisms play a key role in the processes between decomposition of organic matter and GHGs emission, the effects of warming on temporal responses of microbial activity are still elusive. In this study, treatments of warming and precipitation were conducted from 2012 to 2018 in Cambridge Bay, Canada.

Sirtuin 3 is essential for host defense against infection through regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis.

The global incidence of (Mabc), a rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacterial strain that causes treatment-refractory pulmonary diseases, is increasing. Despite this, the host factors that allow for protection against infection are largely unknown. In this study, we found that sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial protein deacetylase, plays a critical role in host defense against Mabc infection.

Effects of Biological Soil Crusts on Enzyme Activities and Microbial Community in Soils of an Arid Ecosystem.

Arid ecosystems constitute 41% of land's surface and play an important role in global carbon cycle. In particular, biological soil crusts (BSC) are known to be a hotspot of carbon fixation as well as mineralization in arid ecosystems. However, little information is available on carbon decomposition and microbes in BSC and key controlling variables for microbial activities in arid ecosystems.

Seasonal variation in natural abundance of δC and N in Salicornia brachiata Roxb. populations from a coastal area of India.

High and fluctuating salinity is characteristic for coastal salt marshes, which strongly affect the physiology of halophytes consequently resulting in changes in stable isotope distribution. The natural abundance of stable isotopes (δC and δN) of the halophyte plant Salicornia brachiata and physico-chemical characteristics of soils were analysed in order to investigate the relationship of stable isotope distribution in different populations in a growing period in the coastal area of Gujarat, India. Aboveground and belowground biomass of S.