The moderating effect of cardiometabolic factors on the association between hepatic and intrapancreatic fat.

Objective: Previous studies have investigated the association between hepatic fat and intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD); however, results have been inconclusive. The presence of cardiometabolic factors in certain subpopulations could explain this discrepancy. The aim of the present study was to use moderation analyses to determine the conditions under which hepatic fat is associated with IPFD.

Cryo-EM structure of the heteromeric TRPC1/TRPC4 channel.

Transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels have a crucial role as cellular sensors, mediating diverse physical and chemical stimuli. The formation of heteromeric structures expands the functionality of TRP channels; however, their molecular architecture remains largely unknown. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human TRPC1/TRPC4 heteromer in the apo and antagonist-bound states, both consisting of one TRPC1 subunit and three TRPC4 subunits.

Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Brain Cortical Thickness and Subcortical Volume: A Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study.

Introduction: Several cross-sectional studies have shown that long-term exposures to air pollutants are associated with smaller brain cortical volume or thickness. Here, we investigated longitudinal associations of long-term air pollution exposures with cortical thickness and subcortical volume.

Methods: In this longitudinal study, we included a prospective cohort of 361 adults residing in four cities in the Republic of Korea.

Physical Activity-Induced Modification of the Association of Long-Term Air Pollution Exposure with the Risk of Depression in Older Adults.

Purpose: Evidence suggests that long-term air pollution exposures may induce depression; however, the influence of physical activity on this effect is unclear. We investigated modification of the associations between air pollution exposures and depression by the intensity of physical activity.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1454 Korean adults.

Relationship of Liver Blood Tests and T1 Relaxation Time With Intra-pancreatic Fat Deposition.

Background: Liver is well recognised as a metabolically active organ. While intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) is emerging as an important player in the whole-body metabolism, the interplay between the liver and IPFD has been poorly investigated. This study aimed to investigate the associations of liver blood tests and non-invasive tests for hepatic fibrosis with IPFD.

Comprehensive analysis of dyslipidemia states associated with fat in the pancreas.

Background: The global burden of cardiovascular diseases continues to rise, and it is increasingly acknowledged that guidelines based on traditional risk factors fail to identify a substantial fraction of people who develop cardiovascular diseases. Fat in the pancreas could be one of the unappreciated risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the associations of dyslipidemia states with fat in the pancreas.

Relationship of Iron Intake, Ferritin, and Hepcidin with the Transverse Relaxation Rate of Water Protons in the Pancreas.

(1) Background: There is a paucity of markers of iron metabolism in health and disease. The aim was to investigate the associations of iron metabolism with pancreas transverse water proton relaxation rate (R2) in healthy individuals and people after an attack of pancreatitis. (2) Methods: All participants underwent a 3.

Relationship of Serum Bile Acids with Fat Deposition in the Pancreas, Liver, and Skeletal Muscle.

Introduction: Ectopic fat deposition is well appreciated as a key contributor to digestive and liver diseases. Bile acids have emerged as pleiotropic signalling molecules involved in numerous metabolic pathways. The aim was to study the associations of bile acids with ectopic fat deposition and lipid panel.

Identification of a drug binding pocket in TMEM16F calcium-activated ion channel and lipid scramblase.

The dual functions of TMEM16F as Ca-activated ion channel and lipid scramblase raise intriguing questions regarding their molecular basis. Intrigued by the ability of the FDA-approved drug niclosamide to inhibit TMEM16F-dependent syncytia formation induced by SARS-CoV-2, we examined cryo-EM structures of TMEM16F with or without bound niclosamide or 1PBC, a known blocker of TMEM16A Ca-activated Cl channel. Here, we report evidence for a lipid scrambling pathway along a groove harboring a lipid trail outside the ion permeation pore.

Remnant cholesterol, but not low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, is associated with intra-pancreatic fat deposition.

Aim: To investigate the associations of components of the lipid panel (and its derivatives) with intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD).

Methods: All participants underwent abdominal magnetic resonance imaging on the same 3.0-Tesla scanner and IPFD was quantified.

Molecular architecture of the Gα-bound TRPC5 ion channel.

G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels serve as key molecular switches through which extracellular stimuli are transformed into intracellular effects, and it has long been postulated that ion channels are direct effector molecules of the alpha subunit of G-proteins (Gα). However, no complete structural evidence supporting the direct interaction between Gα and ion channels is available. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structures of the human transient receptor potential canonical 5 (TRPC5)-Gα complexes with a 4:4 stoichiometry in lipid nanodiscs.

Associations Between Iron Homeostasis and Pancreatic Enzymes After an Attack of Pancreatitis.

Objectives: Dysregulation of iron homeostasis and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction are linked but remain undefined in individuals with a history of pancreatitis. The objective is to investigate the relationship between iron homeostasis and pancreatic enzymes in individuals after a pancreatitis attack.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of adults with a history of pancreatitis.

Intra-pancreatic fat deposition across the pancreatitis spectrum and the influence of gut hormones.

Background And Aims: Acute pancreatitis (AP) and chronic pancreatitis (CP) often represent parts of the spectrum of disease. While growing evidence indicates that intra-pancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis, no study of living individuals has investigated IPFD in both AP and CP. Further, the associations between IPFD and gut hormones remain to be elucidated.

Negative self-regulation of transient receptor potential canonical 4 by the specific interaction with phospholipase C-δ1.

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are non-selective calcium-permeable cation channels. It is suggested that TRPC4β is regulated by phospholipase C (PLC) signaling and is especially maintained by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP). In this study, we present the regulation mechanism of the TRPC4 channel with PIP hydrolysis which is mediated by a channel-bound PLCδ1 but not by the GPCR signaling pathway.

Effect of D-β-hydroxybutyrate-()-1,3 butanediol on plasma levels of asprosin and leptin: results from a randomised controlled trial.

: D-β-Hydroxybutyrate-()-1,3 butanediol - a non-racemic ketone monoester for ingestion - has emerged as an effective way to achieve acute nutritional ketosis. Whether white adipose tissue plays a role in effects of acute nutritional ketosis is largely unknown. : To investigate the effects of acute nutritional ketosis on plasma levels of asprosin and leptin and if they are affected by abdominal fat phenotypes.

Factors Affecting the Circulating Levels of Oxyntomodulin in Health and After Acute Pancreatitis.

Objectives: To investigate the factors associated with the circulating levels of oxyntomodulin in healthy individuals and individuals after an episode of acute pancreatitis (AP).

Methods: Blood samples were collected from all participants after an overnight fast and analyzed for 28 biomarkers. Participants also underwent comprehensive body composition analysis on a 3-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner.

Metabolic traits affecting the relationship between liver fat and intrapancreatic fat: a mediation analysis.

Aims/hypothesis: The clinical importance of fat deposition in the liver and pancreas is increasingly recognised. However, to what extent deposition of fat in these two depots is affected by intermediate variables is unknown. The aim of this work was to conduct a mediation analysis with a view to uncovering the metabolic traits that underlie the relationship between liver fat and intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) and quantifying their effect.

Intrapancreatic, Liver, and Skeletal Muscle Fat Depositions in First Attack of Acute Pancreatitis Versus Health.

Introduction: Increased intrapancreatic fat deposition (IPFD) has emerged as a harbinger of pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Although it is well recognized that diseases of the exocrine pancreas often lie on a continuum (with acute pancreatitis preceding the development of chronic pancreatitis and/or pancreatic cancer), whether increased IPFD predisposes to acute pancreatitis is unknown. This study aimed to compare fat depositions in the pancreas (as well as the liver and skeletal muscle) between individuals who developed first attack of acute pancreatitis and healthy individuals.

Identifying endotypes of individuals after an attack of pancreatitis based on unsupervised machine learning of multiplex cytokine profiles.

After an attack of pancreatitis, individuals may develop metabolic sequelae (eg, new-onset diabetes) and/or pancreatic cancer. These new-onset morbidities are, at least in part, driven by low-grade inflammation. The aim was to study the profiles of cytokines/chemokines in individuals after an attack of pancreatitis.

Towards developing a robust radiomics signature in diffuse diseases of the pancreas: Accuracy and stability of features derived from T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: Radiomics of the pancreas has the potential to personalize the management of patients with diseases that are characterized by diffuse involvement of the pancreas. However, to date, radiomics features that are both clinically useful and reproducible have not been reported.

Methods: Individuals with definite chronic pancreatitis and healthy individuals, matched on sex and age, were prospectively recruited and underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the pancreas at 3T.

Relationship between Habitual Intake of Vitamins and New-Onset Prediabetes/Diabetes after Acute Pancreatitis.

Vitamins have many established roles in human health. However, the role of habitual dietary intake of vitamins in glucose homeostasis in individuals after acute pancreatitis (AP) is yet to be elucidated. The aim was to investigate the associations between habitual intake of fat- and water-soluble vitamins/vitamers and markers of glucose metabolism (fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and homeostasis model assessment β-cell function (HOMA-β)) in individuals after AP.

Fat Distribution Within the Pancreas According to Diabetes Status and Insulin Traits.

A growing body of evidence suggests that intrapancreatic fat is associated with diabetes, but whether distribution of intrapancreatic fat across the regions of the pancreas has a pathophysiologic role is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in intrapancreatic fat deposition between the head, body, and tail of the pancreas, as well as the relationship between regional intrapancreatic fat deposition and diabetes status and insulin traits. A total of 368 adults from the general population underwent MRI on a 3 Tesla scanner, and intrapancreatic fat was manually quantified in duplicate.

Glucose variability during the early course of acute pancreatitis predicts two-year probability of new-onset diabetes: A prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the largest contributor to diabetes of the exocrine pancreas. However, there is no accurate predictor at the time of hospitalisation for AP to identify individuals at high risk for new-onset diabetes.

Objective: To investigate the accuracy of indices of glucose variability (GV) during the early course of AP in predicting the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) trajectories during follow-up.