Association between chronic ambient heavy metal exposure and mental health in Korean adult patients with asthma and the general population.

Background: Insufficient evidence is available to confirm the effect of exposure to airborne metals on mental disorders, particularly among asthmatics. We aimed to investigate the effect of airborne metal exposure on mental health responses in asthmatics and the general population.

Methods: Using nationally representative cross-sectional data, a total of 47,796 adults were analyzed.

Mortality Prediction Modeling for Patients with Breast Cancer Based on Explainable Machine Learning.

: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, requiring strategic efforts to reduce its mortality. This study aimed to develop a predictive classification model for breast cancer mortality using real-world data, including various clinical features. : A total of 11,286 patients with breast cancer from the National Cancer Center were included in this study.

Three-axis load analysis of high-speed handpiece on dental training teeth and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing blocks.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the mechanical properties of dental training teeth with subtractive and additive computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) materials used to fabricate dental simulation models. Therefore, the three-axis load generated during cutting movements, including drilling and milling performed using a dental handpiece, was measured and compared. The samples were cut vertically downward by 1.

Association of ambient air pollution with hemoglobin levels and anemia in the general population of Korean adults.

Background: Emerging evidence has suggested significant associations between ambient air pollution and changes in hemoglobin levels or anemia in specific vulnerable groups, but few studies have assessed this relationship in the general population. This study aimed to evaluate the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and hemoglobin concentrations or anemia in general adults in South Korea.

Methods: A total of 69,830 Korean adults from a large-scale nationwide survey were selected for our final analysis.

Assembly of FAP93 at the proximal axoneme in Chlamydomonas cilia.

To identify proteins specific to the proximal ciliary axoneme, we used iTRAQ to compare short (~2 μm) and full-length (~11 μm) axonemes of Chlamydomonas. Known components of the proximal axoneme such as minor dynein heavy chains and LF5 kinase as well as the ciliary tip proteins FAP256 (CEP104) and EB1 were enriched in short axonemes whereas proteins present along the length of the axoneme were of similar abundance in both samples. The iTRAQ analysis revealed that FAP93, a protein of unknown function, and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) are enriched in the short axonemes.

Precessing jet nozzle connecting to a spinning black hole in M87.

The nearby radio galaxy M87 offers a unique opportunity to explore the connections between the central supermassive black hole and relativistic jets. Previous studies of the inner region of M87 revealed a wide opening angle for the jet originating near the black hole. The Event Horizon Telescope resolved the central radio source and found an asymmetric ring structure consistent with expectations from general relativity.

Effects of vitamin D on associations between air pollution and mental health outcomes in Korean adults: Results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).

Background: Evidence suggests that low individual vitamin D levels enhance adverse effects associated with air pollution on mental health conditions. The aim of this study was to identify associations between ambient air pollution exposure, mental health, and serum vitamin D status in the general population of South Korea.

Methods: We included national representative data for 29,373 adults in the final analysis.

Associations between ambient air pollution, obesity, and serum vitamin D status in the general population of Korean adults.

Background: Although a growing body of evidence suggests air pollution is associated with low serum vitamin D status, few studies have reported whether obesity status affects this relationship. The aim of this study was to identify associations between ambient air pollution exposure, obesity, and serum vitamin D status in the general population of South Korea.

Methods: This study was conducted in a cross-sectional design.

Composition and function of ciliary inner-dynein-arm subunits studied in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

Motile cilia (also interchangeably called "flagella") are conserved organelles extending from the surface of many animal cells and play essential functions in eukaryotes, including cell motility and environmental sensing. Large motor complexes, the ciliary dyneins, are present on ciliary outer-doublet microtubules and drive movement of cilia. Ciliary dyneins are classified into two general types: the outer dynein arms (ODAs) and the inner dynein arms (IDAs).

The IDA3 adapter, required for intraflagellar transport of I1 dynein, is regulated by ciliary length.

We determined how the ciliary motor I1 dynein is transported. A specialized adapter, IDA3, facilitates I1 dynein attachment to the ciliary transporter called intraflagellar transport (IFT). Loading of IDA3 and I1 dynein on IFT is regulated by ciliary length.

Chlamydomonas DYX1C1/PF23 is essential for axonemal assembly and proper morphology of inner dynein arms.

Cytoplasmic assembly of ciliary dyneins, a process known as preassembly, requires numerous non-dynein proteins, but the identities and functions of these proteins are not fully elucidated. Here, we show that the classical Chlamydomonas motility mutant pf23 is defective in the Chlamydomonas homolog of DYX1C1. The pf23 mutant has a 494 bp deletion in the DYX1C1 gene and expresses a shorter DYX1C1 protein in the cytoplasm.

Leucine Carboxyl Methyltransferase 1 (LCMT-1) Methylates Protein Phosphatase 4 (PP4) and Protein Phosphatase 6 (PP6) and Differentially Regulates the Stable Formation of Different PP4 Holoenzymes.

The protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) subfamily of phosphatases, PP2A, PP4, and PP6, are multifunctional serine/threonine protein phosphatases involved in many cellular processes. Carboxyl methylation of the PP2A catalytic subunit (PP2Ac) C-terminal leucine is regulated by the opposing activities of leucine carboxyl methyltransferase 1 (LCMT-1) and protein phosphatase methylesterase 1 (PME-1) and regulates PP2A holoenzyme formation. The site of methylation on PP2Ac is conserved in the catalytic subunits of PP4 and PP6, and PP4 is also methylated on that site, but the identities of the methyltransferase enzyme for PP4 are not known.

STRIPAK complexes: structure, biological function, and involvement in human diseases.

The mammalian striatin family consists of three proteins, striatin, S/G2 nuclear autoantigen, and zinedin. Striatin family members have no intrinsic catalytic activity, but rather function as scaffolding proteins. Remarkably, they organize multiple diverse, large signaling complexes that participate in a variety of cellular processes.

Protein phosphatase 2a (PP2A) binds within the oligomerization domain of striatin and regulates the phosphorylation and activation of the mammalian Ste20-Like kinase Mst3.

Background: Striatin, a putative protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) B-type regulatory subunit, is a multi-domain scaffolding protein that has recently been linked to several diseases including cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), which causes symptoms ranging from headaches to stroke. Striatin association with the PP2A A/C (structural subunit/catalytic subunit) heterodimer alters PP2A substrate specificity, but targets and roles of striatin-associated PP2A are not known. In addition to binding the PP2A A/C heterodimer to form a PP2A holoenzyme, striatin associates with cerebral cavernous malformation 3 (CCM3) protein, the mammalian Mps one binder (MOB) homolog, Mob3/phocein, the mammalian sterile 20-like (Mst) kinases, Mst3, Mst4 and STK25, and several other proteins to form a large signaling complex.