Teaching methods for critical thinking in health education of children up to high school: A scoping review.

According to the World Health Organization, the improvement of people's health literacy is one of the fundamental public health challenges in the 21st century. The key issue in teaching health literacy is to develop critical thinking skills. As health literacy and critical thinking should be developed at school age, we reviewed teaching methods or educational interventions used in empirical studies focused on the development of critical thinking regarding health and implemented by teachers in preschools, primary schools, or secondary schools.

Prevalence of adjustment disorder in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Purpose: Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, many new stressors have arisen, which is associated with an increased risk of mental disorders. The purpose of this article is to assess the prevalence of adjustment disorder and symptoms of anxiety and depression in the Polish population, on the basis of two studies conducted during the pandemic.

Methods: Two online survey studies were conducted at different time points: the first in March 2020 on a = 1742 sample, the second in June 2020, on the sample of = 567.

Depressed Cardiac Mechanical Energetic Efficiency: A Contributor to Cardiovascular Risk in Common Metabolic Diseases-From Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.

Cardiac mechanical energetic efficiency is the ratio of external work (EW) to the total energy consumption. EW performed by the left ventricle (LV) during a single beat is represented by LV stroke work and may be calculated from the pressure-volume loop area (PVLA), while energy consumption corresponds to myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO) expressed on a per-beat basis. Classical early human studies estimated total mechanical LV efficiency at 20-30%, whereas the remaining energy is dissipated as heat.

Investigation of retentive force reduction and wear of the locator attachment system with different implant angulations.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of cyclic disengagement on the retentive force and wear patterns of pairs of three Locator inserts (blue, pink, and clear) in vitro.

Materials And Methods: Implant analogs (Astra Tech) were positioned into aluminum blocks parallel to each other and perpendicular to the horizontal plane, with one analog angulated mesially by 10 degrees (0/10), or with two implant analogs each angulated mesially by 5 degrees (5/5). Ninety Locator attachments, in 15 pairs of each standard retention strength (blue, pink, and clear), underwent 2,500 cycles of testing, lubricated with artificial saliva.

The bond between acrylic resin denture teeth and the denture base: recommendations for best practice.

Failure of the bond between denture teeth and base acrylic resin has been shown to be a cause of denture failure leading to inconvenience and costly repair. The optimal combination of acrylic resin denture tooth, denture base material, laboratory protocol and processing method has not yet been established. Extensive research enables the following recommendations for best practice to be made.

Three-dimensional processing deformation of three denture base materials.

Statement Of Problem: Heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate denture bases deform during and after polymerization, and this deformation may affect the clinical performance of complete dentures.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the processing deformation of 3 denture base materials on a standardized anatomic model by using a contact scanner and surface matching software.

Material And Methods: Maxillary reproductions of a definitive cast were digitized by using a contact scanner.

The retentive forces of the locator attachment system at different angulations.

The change of retentive force of three types of Locator inserts when the implant analogue was positioned perpendicular to horizontal, 5 degrees and 10 degrees to perpendicular after 4,200 cycles in vitro was measured using an EnduraTech fatigue testing machine lubricated with artificial saliva. The more rapid decrease in retention occurred up to three months and stabilized after one year of simulated use. The Locator inserts provided more retention when the analogue was placed at 5 degrees to perpendicular compared to 0 degrees and 10 degrees after 9 months of simulated clinical use.

Flexural strength and degree of polymerization of a proprietary denture base acrylic resin designed to be cured using long or short cycles.

The flexural strength and degree of polymerization of Diamond D acrylic resin prepared with a long cure monomer and a short cure monomer were investigated using Trevalon as a control. Flexural strength and degree of polymerization of Diamond D acrylic resin were not affected by either using a long cure monomer or the short cure monomer. There was no significant difference in the glass transition temperature Tg between the long and slow cure Diamond D.

The effect of monomer/polymer mixing ratio, time between mixing and packing of heat cured acrylic resin denture base material and bond assisting agents on the bond strength to acrylic resin denture teeth.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of varying the monomer/polymer mixing ratio, the time from mixing to packing heat cured acrylic resin and the effect of two bond assisting agents on the strength of the bond between denture base acrylic resin and acrylic resin denture teeth. Statistical differences were found in bond strength with monomer/polymer ratio and time between mixing and packing with one of the heat cured resins investigated. The benefit of using the bonding agents was not demonstrated.

Effect of two different disinfectants on dimensional stability of newer alginate impression materials over five days.

The effect of two different disinfectants on the dimensional stability of two alginate impression materials over five days was investigated. 60 impressions were made under standardised conditions, 30 with each alginate, of which ten were disinfected in each disinfectant and ten were controls. Impressions were stored over a period of five days in a container with 100% humidity.

Effect of welding parameters of the Nd:YAG laser on the penetration depth of cobalt chromium alloys.

The aim of the investigation was to study the effect of the laser welding parameters of energy and spot diameter on the penetration depth of the weld of cast Co-Cr alloy when a single weld was performed. Within the limitations of the study as voltage increased and the spot diameter decreased, penetration depth increased. However, SEM investigation showed more defects in the welded area under these circumstances.

Current trends in removable partial denture teaching in British dental schools.

Aim: To investigate current teaching of removable partial denture construction in British dental schools.

Materials And Method: A questionnaire was sent by email to each of the 15 UK dental schools.

Results: Replies were received from the 12 long established schools, although one declined to participate.

An investigation into the effects of metal primer and surface topography on the tensile bond strength between cobalt chromium alloy and composite resin.

This study examined the influence of surface preparation and metal primer on the tensile bond strength between cobalt chromium alloy and composite resin. The bond strength between 168 cobalt chromium alloy dumb-bells with one of three test surfaces (beaded, machined or sandblasted) to composite resin were tested. Half of each group were treated with metal primer.

The fatigue life of a cobalt-chromium alloy after laser welding.

The aim of this study was to investigate the fatigue life of laser welded joints in a commercially available cast cobalt-chromium alloy. Twenty rod shaped specimens (40 mm x 1.5 mm) were cast and sand blasted.

Dimensional stability of newer alginate impression materials over seven days.

The aim of this study was to determine the dimensional stability of the so called '5 day stable' alginates. Ten specimens each of three alginate materials were prepared using a standardised impression technique and a typodont model. Travelling microscope measurements were recorded for six distances at 24 hour intervals.

Tensile strength of laser welded cobalt-chromium alloy with and without an argon atmosphere.

The tensile strength and depth of weld of two cobalt chromium alloys before and after laser welding with and without an argon gas atmosphere were investigated. Using two cobalt chromium alloys, rod shaped specimens (5 cm x 1.5 mm) were cast.

Is the bond between acrylic resin denture teeth and denture base resin stronger if they are both made by the same manufacturer?

A previous study suggested that a stronger bond may be achieved between acrylic resin denture base material and acrylic denture teeth when both are made by the same manufacturer. Three denture base acrylic resins from three different manufacturers were bonded to three different acrylic resin denture teeth, one of which was manufactured by each of the manufacturers of the base material. In each group there was a trend that the bond strength achieved between the teeth and base material from the same manufacturer was higher than the unmatched pairs but statistical significance was not achieved.

Dimensional stability of complete denture permanent acrylic resin denture bases; A comparison of dimensions before and after a second curing cycle.

The purpose of this study was to measure deformation of mandibular complete denture permanent bases after secondary curing. A cast of a flat mandibular edentulous ridge was duplicated ten times. A wax base was laid on the original cast, two wax sprues were attached and an overcast was made.

Current trends in complete denture teaching in British dental schools.

Aims: Against the background of the publication of the General Dental Council's interim report on undergraduate dental education the aim was to investigate current trends in teaching of complete denture construction to undergraduates in the twelve long established dental schools and to gather the opinions of lead teachers of complete denture courses regarding students' competence on graduation.

Materials And Method: A questionnaire containing twenty-five factual questions and eight opinion questions was sent by email to the lead teacher in each of the twelve long established dental schools.

Results: Replies were received from all twelve schools.

Effect of curing cycle on the tensile strength of the bond between heat cured denture base acrylic resin and acrylic resin denture teeth.

The effect of different curing cycles on the tensile strength of the bond between one brand of cross-linked acrylic resin teeth and three heat cured denture base acrylic resins was tested. There were differences in the tensile bond strength between the three heat cured denture base acrylic resins and the three curing cycles used. The bond strength of the acrylic resin denture base material made by the same manufacturer as the cross-linked acrylic resin denture teeth was higher.

Effect of curing cycles on the mechanical properties of heat cured acrylic resins.

Traditionally long curing cycles have been recommended for heat cured acrylic resin denture base materials. Recently manufacturers have produced materials for which they recommend short curing cycles. Specimens conforming to British Standards Specification were made using three different brands of heat cured acrylic resin denture base material.

UK dental laboratory technicians' views on the efficacy and teaching of clinical-laboratory communication.

Background: The General Dental Council states that 'good dental care is delivered by a team' and restorative treatment is enhanced by communication between team members. Commercial dental laboratories are ideally placed to comment on effective communication.

Aims Of The Study: To investigate contemporary attitudes and communication between dentist and dental technician from the technician's perspective.

Effect of GC METALPRIMER II on bond strength of heat-cured acrylic resin to titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) with two different surface treatments.

This study investigated the bond strength of heat-polymerized acrylic resin to titanium alloy using a proprietary bonding agent (GC Metalprimer II). Two surface treatments (sandblasted or roughened with a tungsten carbide bur) were compared for their effect on bond strength with or without thermal cycling. Eighty specimens of heat-polymerized acrylic resin bonded to titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) were prepared: 20 specimens (control) and 60 used a bonding agent.

Effect of surfactant on surface hardness of dental stone and investment casts produced from polyvinyl siloxane duplicating materials.

Polyvinylsiloxane duplicating materials are typically treated with a topical surfactant before pouring dental models, but the use of topical surfactants in the dental laboratory may affect the surface hardness of the resultant models. The effect of two different topical surfactants on surface hardness of two dental stones (FujiRock and Dentstone) and one phosphate bonded investment material (Croform WB) produced from polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) dental laboratory duplicating moulds was investigated. Topical surfactants affected the surface hardness of FujiRock, Dentstone and Croform WB investment material.

Long-term dimensional stability and reproduction of surface detail of four polyvinyl siloxane duplicating materials.

Objectives: Duplicating materials must routinely accurately reproduce the details of dental casts and thus contribute significantly to the close adaptation and success of a removable prosthesis or fixed indirect restoration. It is important to establish the long-term dimensional stability of polyvinyl siloxane materials (PVS) as they are widely used in dental technology and over the duration of a course of treatment, are stored under dental laboratory conditions. The dimensional stability of four PVS duplicating materials was investigated over a 13-week period.