Accessing Properties of Molecular Compounds Involved in Cellular Metabolic Processes with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance, Raman Spectroscopy, and Differential Scanning Calorimetry.

In this work, we review some physical methods of macroscopic experiments, which have been recently argued to be promising for the acquisition of valuable characteristics of biomolecular structures and interactions. The methods we focused on are electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. They were chosen since it can be shown that they are able to provide a mutually complementary picture of the composition of cellular envelopes (with special attention paid to mycobacteria), transitions between their molecular patterning, and the response to biologically active substances (reactive oxygen species and their antagonists-antioxidants-as considered in our case study).

Single-cell transcriptomics combined with proteomics of intrathecal IgG reveal transcriptional heterogeneity of oligoclonal IgG-secreting cells in multiple sclerosis.

The phenotypes of B lineage cells that produce oligoclonal IgG in multiple sclerosis have not been unequivocally determined. Here, we utilized single-cell RNA-seq data of intrathecal B lineage cells in combination with mass spectrometry of intrathecally synthesized IgG to identify its cellular source. We found that the intrathecally produced IgG matched a larger fraction of clonally expanded antibody-secreting cells compared to singletons.

Combination of Machine Learning and Analytical Correlations for Establishing Quantitative Compliance between the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity Values Obtained via Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopies.

Recent interest in the antioxidant capacity of foods and beverages is based on the established medical knowledge that antioxidants play an essential role in counteracting the damaging effects of free radicals, preventing human neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular disorders, and even cancer. At the same time, there is no "the method" that uniquely defines the antioxidant capacity of substances; moreover, the question of interrelation between results obtained by different experimental techniques is still open. In this work, we consider the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy using the classic objects for such studies as an example: red, rosé, and white wine samples.

Stereotyped B-cell responses are linked to IgG constant region polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis.

Clonally related B cells infiltrate the brain, meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients, but the mechanisms driving the B-cell response and shaping the immunoglobulin repertoires remain unclear. Here, we used single-cell full-length RNA-seq and BCR reconstruction to simultaneously assess the phenotypes, isotypes, constant region polymorphisms, and the paired heavy- and light-chain repertoires in intrathecal B cells. We detected extensive clonal connections between the memory B cell and antibody-secreting cell (ASC) compartments and observed clonally related cells of different isotypes including IgM/IgG1, IgG1/IgA1, IgG1/IgG2, and IgM/IgA1.

Transition Metals (Cr) and Lanthanides (Eu) in Inorganic Glasses with Extremely Different Glass-Formers BO and GeO.

Glasses containing two different network-forming components and doped with optically active ions exhibit interesting properties. In this work, glass systems based on germanium dioxide and boron trioxide singly doped with lanthanides (Eu) and transition metals (Cr) ions are research subjects. Optical spectroscopy was the major research tool used to record excitation and emission spectra in a wide spectral range for studied systems.

Longevity, clonal relationship, and transcriptional program of celiac disease-specific plasma cells.

Disease-specific plasma cells (PCs) reactive with transglutaminase 2 (TG2) or deamidated gluten peptides (DGPs) are abundant in celiac disease (CeD) gut lesions. Their contribution toward CeD pathogenesis is unclear. We assessed expression of markers associated with PC longevity in 15 untreated and 26 treated CeD patients in addition to 13 non-CeD controls and performed RNA sequencing with clonal inference and transcriptomic analysis of 3,251 single PCs.

Novel Multicomponent Titanate-Germanate Glasses: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, Transition Metal, and Rare Earth Doping.

Novel multicomponent titanate-germanate glasses singly doped with transition metal (Cr) and rare earth ions (Eu) were synthesized and the glass transition temperatures and thermal stability parameters were determined using DSC measurements. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed fully amorphous nature of the received samples. Their structural and optical properties were compared with germanate glasses without TiO.

Antioxidant Properties of Various Alcoholic Beverages: Application of a Semiempirical Equation.

Presented here is a comprehensive study on the antioxidant properties of various alcoholic beverages: beers, wines, tinctures, and strong spirits, including whisky, brandy, cognac, vodkas, and liquors. The Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of each of these various alcoholic beverages is determined using an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method, which is based on a semiempirical correlation. Moreover, the EC parameter was determined on the basis of the dependences of the TEAC values obtained by this mathematical equation.

Comprehensive comparison of antioxidant properties of tinctures.

Homemade tinctures, traditional Polish alcoholic beverages called "nalewkas" (similar to alcohol herbal tinctures), which antioxidant capacity have never been studied before, were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. The antioxidant properties of nalewkas made according to homemade recipes were compared to commercially produced nalewkas. The impact of aging on antioxidant properties of nalewkas was investigated.

Prolonged Idasanutlin (RG7388) Treatment Leads to the Generation of p53-Mutated Cells.

The protein p53 protects the organism against carcinogenic events by the induction of cell cycle arrest and DNA repair program upon DNA damage. Virtually all cancers inactivate p53 either by mutations/deletions of the gene or by boosting negative regulation of p53 activity. The overexpression of MDM2 protein is one of the most common mechanisms utilized by p53 cancers to keep p53 inactive.

B-cell composition in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients treated with dimethyl fumarate.

Background: B cells may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has recently been shown to reduce the frequency of memory B cells in blood, but it is not known whether the drug influences the cellular composition in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Methods: A cross-sectional study examining the cellular composition in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 10 patients treated with DMF and 18 patients receiving other disease modifying drugs or no treatment.

A new equation for converting the parameter EC into the total antioxidant capacity TEAC and vice versa.

A new equation for converting EC into TEAC values and TEAC into EC is presented in this paper. The model was fitted to 180 data points of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy measurements of various food products. The model was tested basing on 75 EPR spectroscopy measurements.

A comparison of antioxidative capacities of fruit juices, drinks and nectars, as determined by EPR and UV-vis spectroscopies.

The differences in the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) values at the same incubation time obtained by two different techniques: electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, which use the same antioxidant-free radical reaction mechanism, were determined for fruit juices, nectars and drinks. For this study, the stable free radical 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH(•)) was used. The antioxidant capacity was presented in Trolox Equivalents, e.

Antioxidant Activity of Selected Thyme (Thymus L.) Species and Study of the Equivalence of Different Measuring Methodologies.

This study presents the results of comparative evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the phenolic fraction exhaustively extracted with aqueous methanol from 18 different thyme (Thymus L.) specimens and species. This evaluation is made with use of the same free radical source (DPPH• radical), three different free radical scavenging models (gallic acid, ascorbic acid, and Trolox), and three different measuring techniques (the dot blot test, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, EPR).

Investigation of Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Juices by Means of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance and UV-Vis Spectroscopy.

Pomegranate fruit (Punica granatum L.) is a source of numerous phenolic compounds, and it contains flavonoids such as anthocyanins, anthocyanidins, cyanidins, catechins and other complexes of flavonoids, ellagitannins, and hydrolyzed tannins. Pomegranate juice shows antioxidant, antiproliferative, and anti-atherosclerotic properties.

Application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Investigating Antioxidant Activity of Selected Herbs.

Antioxidant properties of selected herbs were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This was possible by measuring changes in the intensity of the EPR spectrum that resulted from the interaction of the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl with antioxidants found in herbal samples. Moreover, the total phenolic content (TPC) was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy.

Antioxidant Capacity: Experimental Determination by EPR Spectroscopy and Mathematical Modeling.

A new method of determining antioxidant capacity based on a mathematical model is presented in this paper. The model was fitted to 1000 data points of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy measurements of various food product samples such as tea, wine, juice, and herbs with Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) values from 20 to 2000 μmol TE/100 mL. The proposed mathematical equation allows for a determination of TEAC of food products based on a single EPR spectroscopy measurement.

Structural factors affecting cytotoxic activity of (E)-1-(Benzo[d ][1,3]oxathiol-6-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one derivatives.

Derivatives of (E)-1-(5-alkoxybenzo[d][1,3]oxathiol-6-yl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one demonstrated exceptionally high in vitro cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values of the most active derivatives in the nanomolar range. To identify structural fragments necessary for the activity, several analogs deprived of selected fragments were prepared, and their cytotoxic activity was tested. It was found that the activity depends on combined effects of (i) the heterocyclic ring, (ii) the alkoxy group at position 5 of the benzoxathiole ring, and (iii) the substituents in the phenyl ring B.

A study of the antioxidant properties of beers using electron paramagnetic resonance.

The antioxidant properties of various kinds of beers were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This was possible by measuring the changes in the intensity of the EPR spectrum that resulted from the interaction of the stable radical DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) with the antioxidants found in a beer sample. The antioxidant capacity was then presented in Trolox Equivalents, e.

Effect of humification processes on polyaromatic hydrocarbons concentration during wastewater treatment.

The aim of the present work was to compare the concentration changes of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the course of humification processes during wastewater treatment. Studies of samples from a biological-mechanical wastewater treatment plant in Sosnowiec-Zagórze (Poland) were carried out. Determination of PAH was performed both for wastewater sludge and sludge water.