Effects of carrying a backpack in an asymmetrical manner on the asymmetries of the trunk and parameters defining lateral flexion of the spine.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine changes in the body posture parameters defining asymmetry of the trunk and lateral flexion of the spine in children while carrying a backpack weighing 10% of a child's weight.

Background: Carrying a backpack may negatively affect the posture of schoolchildren and contribute to spinal pain.

Method: The study involved 162 primary school students ages 11 to 13 years.

Effect of asymmetrical backpack load on spinal curvature in school children.

Background: Carrying a backpack is common among schoolchildren. The effect of backpack load on spine pain and posture defects in children is often raised in the literature. According to scientific research, the maximum backpack load that is safe for children must not exceed 10-15% of their body mass.

Effects of the sitting position on the body posture of children aged 11 to 13 years.

Background: Nowadays, children spend increasingly more time in a seated position, both at school during class and at home in front of a computer or television.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare selected parameters describing body posture and scoliosis among children in sitting and standing positions.

Methods: It was an observational, cross-sectional study involving 91 primary school children aged 11-13 years.

Changes in the body posture of women occurring with age.

Background: A current topic in the field of geriatrics still needing a great deal of study is the changes in body posture occurring with age. Symptoms of these changes can be observed starting between the ages of 40-50 years with a slow progression that increases after 60 years of age. The aims of this study were to evaluate parameters characterizing the posture of women over the age of 60 years compared with a control group and to determine the dynamics of body posture changes in the following decades.

Effects of carrying a backpack in a symmetrical manner on the shape of the feet.

Unlabelled: The aim of this study was to assess changes in the shape of the feet while carrying a backpack constituting 10% of a child's weight. It was an observational, cross-sectional study involving 118 primary school children aged 11-13 years. Selected parameters of foot shape were assessed in both a normal position and with a backpack using podoscopy and a CQ-ST examination device.

Changes in body posture of women and men over 60 years of age.

Background: With age, the body posture undergoes involutional changes. It is not possible to determine accurately the beginning of these changes. They begin between 40 and 50 years of age, and their slow progress increases after 60 years of age.