Immunological insights: assessing immune parameters in medical professionals exposed to SARS-CoV-2.

Background: The immunological background responsible for the severe course of COVID-19 and the immune factors that protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection are still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate immune system status in persons with high exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: Seventy-one persons employed in the observation and infectious diseases unit were qualified for the study between November 2020 and October 2021.

Immunology in COPD and the use of combustible cigarettes and heated tobacco products.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases, characterised by high morbidity and mortality. COPD is characterised by a progressive decline of lung function caused by chronic inflammatory reactions in the lung tissue due to continual exposure to harmful molecules by inhalation. As prevention plays a very important role in COPD, quitting smoking is the most important factor in reducing the decline in lung function.

How much do we know about genetic predisposition of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

Introduction And Objective: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease caused by iterative inhalation of various environmental agents. The clinical presentation is variable, acute HP commonly presents an inflammatory response, whereas the development and clinical consequences in chronic HP may be similar to IPF (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis). The aim of the study is to present the latest discoveries regarding the genetic predisposition of HP.

Crizotinib efficacy in advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients with ALK or ROS1 rearrangement.

In patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), comprehensive genetic diagnostics is currently carried out in order to qualify for molecularly targeted therapies and immunotherapy. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of the reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) method in the diagnosis of gene rearrangements, the effectiveness of EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and PD-L1 inhibitors in first-line treatment in NSCLC patients. We enrolled 95 non-squamous NSCLC patients with known status of EGFR, ALK, ROS1, MET and RET genes and PD-L1 protein expression.

Failure of Immunotherapy-The Molecular and Immunological Origin of Immunotherapy Resistance in Lung Cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have a huge impact on clinical treatment results in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Blocking antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) or CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T cell antigen 4) have been developed and approved for the treatment of NSCLC patients. However, a large number of patients develop resistance to this type of treatment.

Observational cross-sectional study of 5279 bronchoscopy results for the practical effectiveness of various biopsy techniques in the diagnosis of lung diseases with particular emphasis on lung cancer.

Introduction: Bronchoscopy is the main method in the diagnosis of various lung diseases. Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is the most modern bronchoscopic technique useful in diagnosis and staging of lung cancer (LC).

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the yield of bronchoscopy in patients with suspected various respiratory diseases including LC.

Impact of copy number variant and single nucleotide polymorphism of the programmed death-ligand 1 gene, programmed death-ligand 1 protein expression and therapy regimens on overall survival in a large group of Caucasian patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma.

Anti-programmed death-1 or anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade may be ineffective in some patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high percentage of tumor cells with PD-L1 expression. In addition, immunotherapy may provide great benefits in patients without PD-L1 expression. The present study assessed PD-L1 protein expression by immunohistochemistry, copy number variation (CNV) of and two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs822335 and rs822336, in the promoter of by quantitative PCR in 673 patients with NSCLC.

Tissue MicroRNA Expression as a Predictor of Response to Immunotherapy in NSCLC Patients.

Introduction: Expression of PD-L1 protein on tumor cells, which is so far the only validated predictive factor for immunotherapy, is regulated by epigenetic and genetic factors. Among the most important ones that regulate gene expression are microRNAs.

Materials And Methods: The study included 60 patients with NSCLC who underwent first or second line immunotherapy with pembrolizumab or nivolumab.

Promoter polymorphisms of TOP2A and ERCC1 genes as predictive factors for chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: Topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A) is an enzyme that controls topologic changes in DNA during transcription and replication. ERCC1 is an enzyme that takes part in DNA repair processes. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive role of particular single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of TOP2A and ERCC1 genes in non-small cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) treated with chemotherapy.

Evaluation of Early Surgical Treatment Results Considering Venous Leg Ulcers.

Unlabelled: Lower leg ulcers are characterized by a chronic and recurrent course, being considered as a difficult therapeutic problem. Based on epidemiological data chronic ulcers concern 0.2 to 2% of the Western European population.