Reliability and validity of the medial standing overhead arm reach (SOAR) test as a measure of functional hip adduction motion.

Objective: The Posterior Standing Overhead Arm Reach (SOAR) test has been previously reported as a reliable clinical measure of closed chain hip extension motion. The proposed Medial SOAR test expands on that testing approach to provide a similar measure of functional hip adduction motion. This was a preliminary intrarater and interrater reliability and validity study of the Medial SOAR test as a measure of functional hip adduction.

Mechanics of the foot and ankle joints during running using a multi-segment foot model compared with a single-segment model.

The primary purpose of this study was to compare the ankle joint mechanics, during the stance phase of running, computed with a multi-segment foot model (MULTI; three segments) with a traditional single segment foot model (SINGLE). Traditional ankle joint models define all bones between the ankle and metatarsophalangeal joints as a single rigid segment (SINGLE). However, this contrasts with the more complex structure and mobility of the human foot, recent studies of walking using more multiple-segment models of the human foot have highlighted the errors arising in ankle kinematics and kinetics by using an oversimplified model of the foot.

A preliminary study of the reliability and validity of the Posterior Standing Overhead Arm Reach (SOAR) test as a measure of functional hip extension motion.

Background: Current clinical tests do not provide a method to reliably measure closed chain hip extension. We developed the Posterior Standing Overhead Arm Reach (SOAR) test for this purpose.

Objectives: This was a preliminary intrarater and interrater reliability and validity study of the Posterior SOAR test as a measure of functional hip extension.

Elastic energy within the human plantar aponeurosis contributes to arch shortening during the push-off phase of running.

During locomotion, the lower limb tendons undergo stretch and recoil, functioning like springs that recycle energy with each step. Cadaveric testing has demonstrated that the arch of the foot operates in this capacity during simple loading, yet it remains unclear whether this function exists during locomotion. In this study, one of the arch׳s passive elastic tissues (the plantar aponeurosis; PA) was investigated to glean insights about it and the entire arch of the foot during running.