True Incidence of Marginal Mandibular Nerve Palsy Following Neonatal Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis.

Introduction: In children with PRS, MDO is routinely performed to alleviate airway obstruction; however, it involves risk of injury to the MMN. We hypothesize that MMN palsy incidence following MDO, reported at 1-15%, is underestimated. This study investigates the true incidence of MMN palsy after MDO to better guide follow-up care and improve treatment of this complication.

A Longitudinal Analysis of Pre- and Post-Operative Dysmorphology in Metopic Craniosynostosis.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to objectively quantify the degree of overcorrection in our current practice and to evaluate longitudinal morphological changes using CranioRate, a novel machine learning skull morphology assessment tool.  .

Design: Retrospective cohort study across multiple time points.

Perceptual Barriers to Becoming a Plastic Surgeon among Underrepresented Medical Students.

Background: The field of plastic surgery has experienced difficulty increasing diversity among trainees, despite significant efforts. Barriers to recruitment of underrepresented in medicine (URM) students are poorly understood. This study assesses URM students' exposure to plastic surgery, access to mentors and research opportunities, and the importance of diversity in the field.

A Road Map to Creating a High-Quality Clinical Database in Plastic Surgery.

Background: Detailed in-house databases are a staple of surgical research and a crucial source of data for many studies from which clinical guidelines are built. Despite the importance of generating a clear and thorough developmental design, the literature on database creation and management is limited. In this article, the authors present their stepwise single-institution process of developing a clinical facial fracture database.

Late-Presenting Sagittal Craniosynostosis: An Update to a Standardized Treatment Protocol.

Background: The authors previously published their protocol to treat patients who present with sagittal craniosynostosis after the age of 1 year. The purpose of this article is to present a follow-up and update of this cohort to evaluate outcomes of their treatment protocol.

Methods: Patients with isolated sagittal craniosynostosis who presented after the age of 1 year between July of 2013 and April of 2021 were included.

CranioRate: An Image-Based, Deep-Phenotyping Analysis Toolset and Online Clinician Interface for Metopic Craniosynostosis.

Background: The diagnosis and management of metopic craniosynostosis involve subjective decision-making at the point of care. The purpose of this work was to describe a quantitative severity metric and point-of-care user interface to aid clinicians in the management of metopic craniosynostosis and to provide a platform for future research through deep phenotyping.

Methods: Two machine-learning algorithms were developed that quantify the severity of craniosynostosis-a supervised model specific to metopic craniosynostosis [Metopic Severity Score (MSS)] and an unsupervised model used for cranial morphology in general [Cranial Morphology Deviation (CMD)].

Review of Diet Protocols Following Orthognathic Surgery and Analysis of Postoperative Weight Loss.

Introduction: Orthognathic surgery is routinely practiced, yet little comparative data exists to evaluate post-orthognathic surgery diet protocols.

Objective: To evaluate which postoperative diet protocols are recommended and to quantify post-orthognathic surgery weight changes in our institutional cohort.

Methods: An internet search was carried out on Google for "orthognathic surgery diet" and the postoperative diet recommendations from centers worldwide were quantified.

Squamosal Suture Synostosis: An Under-Recognized Phenomenon.

Introduction: The squamosal suture (SQS) joins the temporal to the parietal bones bilaterally and is a poorly described site of craniosynostosis. SQS fusion is thought to occur as late as the fourth decade of life and beyond; however, we have incidentally noted its presence among our pediatric patients and hypothesize that it may occur earlier in life and more frequently than previously believed.

Methods: A retrospective review of imaging performed on pediatric patients was completed to identify patients with SQS synostosis.

The Clinical Significance of Clinocephaly in Late-Presentation Sagittal Craniosynostosis.

The diagnosis of late-presentation sagittal suture craniosynostosis (SCS) can be challenging, especially in the setting of subtle physical exam findings. The clinical significance of clinocephaly-a retro-coronal concavity along the midvault-in this context remains unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of clinocephaly in identifying late-presentation SCS.

A Three-Dimensional-Based Morphometric Analysis of a Standardized Overcorrection Technique for Fronto-Orbital Advancement in Metopic Craniosynostosis.

Introduction: The concept of "overcorrection" for trigonocephaly has been reported to achieve both anterior cranial fossa expansion and normalization of craniofacial form. The purpose of this study is to describe in detail a standardized technique to fronto-orbital advancement utilizing the concept of "overcorrection" and objectively evaluate intermediate results.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with isolated metopic synostosis who underwent surgery via the proposed surgical technique and age and sex-matched unaffected controls.