Implementing Food Oral Immunotherapy Into Clinical Practice: Quality and Safety Perspectives From a US Academic Center.

Oral immunotherapy (OIT) is an accessible procedure for practicing allergy/immunology providers, yet rigorous safety standards are limited in the clinical setting. By exploring the transition from research to clinical practice OIT, we review relevant safety considerations necessary for the clinical provider. We offer a perspective on clinical benefits and considerations at the individual, collaboration, and policy levels from the vantage of a large academic OIT program, and we propose several practical start-up checklists and clerical considerations for practicing providers.

Benralizumab for eosinophilic gastritis: a single-site, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial.

Background: In eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases, the role of eosinophils in disease pathogenesis and the effect of eosinophil depletion on patient outcomes are unclear. Benralizumab, an eosinophil-depleting monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin-5 receptor α, might eliminate gastric tissue eosinophils and improve outcomes in eosinophilic gastritis. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of benralizumab in patients with eosinophilic gastritis.

Food Allergy Characteristics Associated With Coexisting Eosinophilic Esophagitis in FARE Registry Participants.

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) can coexist in individuals with food allergy.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of food-allergic patients with and without coexisting EoE using a large food allergy patient registry.

Methods: Data were derived from 2 Food Allergy Research & Education, Inc, Patient Registry surveys.

B cell repertoire in children with skin barrier dysfunction supports altered IgE maturation associated with allergic food sensitization.

The skin is a major immune organ and skin barrier dysfunction is a major risk factor for the development of the inappropriate immune response seen in allergic disease. Skin barrier disruption alters the landscape of antigens experienced by the immune system and the downstream impacts on the antibody repertoire remain poorly characterized, particularly for the IgE isotype responsible for allergic specificity and in early life, when allergic disease is developing. In this study, we sequenced antibody gene repertoires from a large and well-characterized cohort of children with atopic dermatitis and found that food sensitization was associated with lower mutation frequencies in the IgE compartment.

Breaking down the complex pathophysiology of eosinophilic esophagitis.

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic and progressive immune-mediated disease of the esophagus associated with antigen-driven type 2 inflammation and symptoms of esophageal dysfunction. Our understanding of EoE pathophysiology has evolved since its initial recognition more than 20 years ago and has translated into diagnostic and novel therapeutic approaches that are affecting patient care. The mechanisms underlying disease development and progression are influenced by diverse factors, such as genetics, age, allergic comorbidities, and allergen exposures.

YouTube and the Achilles Tendon: An Analysis of Internet Information Reliability and Content Quality.

Purpose: To evaluate the educational content, quality, and reliability of YouTube videos regarding the Achilles tendon and Achilles tendon injuries.

Methods: The first 50 videos found on YouTube after searching "Achilles tendon" were evaluated and classified by content type and uploader source. Reliability and accuracy were assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, nonspecific educational content was assessed via the Global Quality Score (GQS), and specific educational content was assessed using the Achilles Tendon Specific Score (ATSS).

OpenNotes: Anticipatory Guidance and Ethical Considerations for Pediatric Psychologists in Interprofessional Settings.

Objectives: The 21st Century Cures Act included an "OpenNotes" mandate to foster transparent communication among patients, families, and clinicians by offering rapid electronic access to clinical notes. This article seeks to address concerns about increased documentation burden, vulnerability to patient complaints, and other unforeseen consequences of patients having near-real-time access to their records.

Methods: This topical review explores both extant literature, and case examples from the authors' direct experience, about potential responses/reactions to OpenNotes.

Aiolos regulates eosinophil migration into tissues.

Expression of Ikaros family transcription factor IKZF3 (Aiolos) increases during murine eosinophil lineage commitment and maturation. Herein, we investigated Aiolos expression and function in mature human and murine eosinophils. Murine eosinophils deficient in Aiolos demonstrated gene expression changes in pathways associated with granulocyte-mediated immunity, chemotaxis, degranulation, ERK/MAPK signaling, and extracellular matrix organization; these genes had ATAC peaks within 1 kB of the TSS that were enriched for Aiolos-binding motifs.

Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Existing and Upcoming Therapies in an Age of Emerging Molecular and Personalized Medicine.

Purpose Of Review: Recent research efforts have spurred great progress in the diagnosis and management of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Nonetheless, challenges remain in addressing disease burden and impairment in the growing EoE population. We highlight work from the Cincinnati Center for Eosinophilic Disorders, the Consortium of Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease Researchers, and others that address these ongoing challenges.

Eosinophil responses during COVID-19 infections and coronavirus vaccination.

Eosinophils are circulating and tissue-resident leukocytes that have potent proinflammatory effects in a number of diseases. Recently, eosinophils have been shown to have various other functions, including immunoregulation and antiviral activity. Eosinophil levels vary dramatically in a number of clinical settings, especially following eosinophil-targeted therapy, which is now available to selectively deplete these cells.

Characterization of Young Children Presenting to the Emergency Department for Mental Health Complaints.

Objectives: From 2011 to 2015, psychiatric emergency department visits among youth in the United States increased 28% and psychiatric visits made up 10% of all pediatric emergency department (ED) visits. Previous research has focused on adolescent mental health, with little characterization of children 10 years of age and younger with mental health complaints. The primary objective of this study was to describe these children who presented to a pediatric ED for mental health complaints in terms of demographics and psychosocial factors.

Monitoring Eosinophilic Esophagitis Disease Activity With Blood Eosinophil Progenitor Levels.

Objectives: A minimally invasive biomarker to monitor disease activity is one of the greatest unmet clinical needs of the pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) population. We aimed to determine whether circulating eosinophil progenitors (EoPs) could be used as a biomarker to identify pediatric patients with active EoE.

Methods: In a prospective observational study, peripheral blood samples, symptom history, and laboratory data were collected from pediatric patients undergoing endoscopy for evaluation of EoE on dietary therapy at Cincinnati Children's Hospital.

Pediatric Hypereosinophilia: Characteristics, Clinical Manifestations, and Diagnoses.

Background: Eosinophilia is associated with various conditions, including allergic, infectious, and neoplastic disorders. The diagnostic differential is broad, and data on hypereosinophilia in pediatric patients are limited.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to identify cases of hypereosinophilia in a tertiary pediatric medical center, determine clinical characteristics and disease associations, and estimate the incidence of hypereosinophilia in the hospital and geographic populations.

Eosinophil progenitor levels correlate with tissue pathology in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis.

Blood eosinophil progenitors (EoPs) correlate with tissue pathology during active eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), providing additional evidence for blood EoP levels as a biomarker for disease activity and suggesting a role for EoPs in EoE pathogenesis.

An Approach to the Evaluation of Persistent Hypereosinophilia in Pediatric Patients.

Hypereosinophilia (HE) is currently defined by a peripheral blood absolute eosinophil count (AEC) of ≥1,500 cells/microL. Although mild blood eosinophilia (AEC 500-1,500 cells/microL) is observed relatively frequently within the pediatric population, persistent HE is uncommon and should prompt additional clinical evaluation. While the clinical manifestations and underlying etiologies of HE in adults have been well-characterized, there is a paucity of data on HE in children.

Behavioral and Socioemotional Development in Preterm Children.

Prematurity is a significant risk factor for impaired neurodevelopmental outcomes. These include motor, cognitive, language, behavioral, and socioemotional competence. Long-term overall function depends on healthy socioemotional functioning.

Measuring the involvement in family life of children with autism spectrum disorder: A DBPNet study.

Background: Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) have social and communication deficits that impair their involvement in family life. No measures of child involvement in the family have been validated for the ASD population.

Aim: To evaluate the validity of a measure of Family Involvement (FI) of children ages 5-12 with ASD.

Preliminary Validation of the PROMIS Parent-Proxy Peer Relationships Measure in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A DBPNet Study.

Objective: To evaluate the content and construct validity of the existing PROMIS Pediatric Parent-Proxy Peer Relationships Measure in 5- to 12-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method: Parents of 121 children aged 5 to 12 years who met DSM-IV criteria for ASD completed the Peer Relationships Measure using computerized adaptive testing (CAT). Parents also completed the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition (SRS-2) and a demographic form.

Magnetic field dependent stability and quench behavior and degradation limits in conduction-cooled MgB wires and coils.

Long lengths of metal/MgB composite conductors with high critical current density (J), fabricated by the power-in-tube (PIT) process, have recently become commercially available. Owing to its electromagnetic performance in the 20 K - 30 K range and relatively low cost, MgB may be attractive for a variety of applications. One of the key issues for magnet design is stability and quench protection, so the behavior of MgB wires and magnets must be understood before large systems can emerge.

Minocycline and doxycycline, but not tetracycline, mitigate liver and kidney injury after hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation.

Background: Despite recovery of hemodynamics by fluid resuscitation after hemorrhage, development of the systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ dysfunction syndromes can nonetheless lead to death. Minocycline and doxycycline are tetracycline derivatives that are protective in models of hypoxic, ischemic, and oxidative stress. Our aim was to determine whether minocycline and doxycycline protect liver and kidney and improve survival in a mouse model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation.