Native nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma in transplant recipients.

Background: Dialysis patients and transplant recipients, especially those with acquired cystic kidney disease, are at increased risk for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We report our experience in 15 posttransplant patients who underwent nephrectomy for renal masses.

Methods: Institutional review board-exempt retrospective chart review was performed on 15 transplant recipients who subsequently underwent native nephrectomy for masses.

Laparoscopic heminephrectomy in a horseshoe kidney affected by xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

Background And Objectives: Horseshoe kidney is a relatively common renal fusion anomaly. There are increasing reports of successful laparoscopic management of surgical disease in this entity. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is an inflammatory condition of chronically obstructed and infected kidneys that is typically refractory to medical management.

Penile prosthesis implantation compares favorably in malpractice outcomes to other common urological procedures: findings from a malpractice insurance database.

Introduction: Some urologists choose not to offer penile prostheses because of concern over malpractice liability.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess whether urologists performing penile prosthesis surgery are placed at a greater malpractice risk.

Main Outcome Measures: Percentage of malpractice suits from prosthesis surgery and other urological procedures that result in payment, average resulting payout from these cases, and category of legal issue that ultimately resulted in payout.

Pediatric renal cell carcinoma.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) comprises about 5% of pediatric renal neoplasms. It has been recognized as a second malignancy in multiple reports. It is generally symptomatic at diagnosis, and most children with RCC present with more locally advanced disease than do adults.

Simultaneous bilateral native nephrectomy and living donor renal transplantation are successful for polycystic kidney disease: the University of Maryland experience.

Purpose: Patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease have significant morbidity due to large kidney size and the resultant compression of adjacent organs. Surgical extirpation is limited to the most severe cases due to the risk of complications. Typically surgical extirpation of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease kidneys and renal transplantation are performed in staged fashion.

Salmonella infection of a penile prosthesis.

Introduction: Patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) who have failed oral or intracavernosal erectogenic therapy may benefit from inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement. Such individuals commonly include patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal insufficiency. Complications of IPP placement include erosion and infection.

RCAS/SCL-TVA animal model allows targeted delivery of polyoma middle T oncogene to vascular endothelial progenitors in vivo and results in hemangioma development.

Purpose: To recapitulate the generation of cancer stem cells in the context of an intact animal using a retroviral vector capable of in vivo delivery of oncogenes to primitive endothelial and hematopoietic stem cells.

Experimental Design: Targeting of these progenitors was achieved using transgenic mice in which the avian TVA retroviral receptor was placed under the control of the stem cell leukemia (scl/tal-1) gene promoter and SCL +19 enhancer.

Results: Injection of an avian retrovirus encoding polyoma middle T (PyMT), an oncogene that transforms endothelial cells, caused rapid lethality in all SCL-TVA mice but not in control TVA(-) littermates.

Minimal residual disease detection in hairy cell leukemia. Comparison of flow cytometric immunophenotyping with clonal analysis using consensus primer polymerase chain reaction for the heavy chain gene.

We studied 86 specimens from 24 patients with hairy cell leukemia (HCL) to determine the sensitivity of routine flow cytometry (FC) and consensus primer PCR (cpPCR) in this disease. FC was more sensitive, detecting HCL in 48 (56%) of 86 specimens, while clonal B-cell populations were detected by cpPCR in only 23 (27%) of 86 specimens. FC and cpPCR were both more sensitive than morphologic examination.