Dynamic associations between adverse events after lung transplantation and allograft ischaemic time.

Objectives: The effect of allograft ischaemic time (AIT) on postoperative events after lung transplantation remains unclear. This study aims to assess the feasibility of extending the duration of AIT.

Methods: The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried for adult lung transplantation from 4 May 2005 to 30 June 2020.

Ivor Lewis Esophagectomy and the Care of Humphrey Bogart's Midesophageal Cancer.

In 1945, the Welsh surgeon Ivor Lewis first reported performing the resection of a midesophageal tumor through a combined approach involving the abdomen and right chest. Although his technique was initially rebuffed by the preeminent esophageal surgeons of the time, it quickly became the standard approach for cancers of the midesophagus. Here we review the development and early dissemination of Lewis' operation using the case of the American actor Humphrey Bogart, who underwent an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal cancer in 1956.

The extent of mediastinal lymph node dissection correlates with survival of small cell lung cancer patients after resection: a propensity score-matched cohort study analysis.

Background: Evidence on the importance of lymph node (LN) dissection during resection for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is scarce. This study sought to investigate the clinical impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy on the survival of patients with SCLC.

Methods: Patients who underwent resection for primary SCLC between 2000 and 2016 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry.

Clinical features and prognosis of resectable pulmonary primary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma.

Background: According to the latest the World Health Organization (WHO) classification in 2015, invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is defined as a new pathological subtype of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, whether this rare subtype of lung pathology has any difference in prognosis than conventional LUAD is debatable. Our study attempted to compare clinical characteristics and prognosis of IMA noninvasive mucinous adenocarcinomas (NMA).

Tumor-intrinsic and immune modulatory roles of receptor-interacting protein kinases.

Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and RIPK3 are signaling adaptors that critically regulate cell death and inflammation. Tumors have adapted to subvert RIPK-dependent cell death, suggesting that these processes have key roles in tumor regulation. Moreover, RIPK-driven cancer cell death might bolster durable antitumor immunity.

Lung retransplantation in the modern era.

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction remains the leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality for lung transplant recipients. Lung retransplantation currently represents the only therapeutic option for patients for refractory allograft dysfunction. However, debate remains regarding both the efficacy and ethicality of lung retransplantation in light of the shortage of lung allografts.

The Assassination of Medgar Evers.

In 1995, Dr Martin Dalton published a recounting of his involvement with the first human lung transplant in the Annals of Thoracic Surgery. As recalled in that account, the first lung transplant took place in the summer of 1963 in the context of another historical event, the assassination of Medgar Evers. This article is written in follow-up to Dalton's report in hopes of providing more insight into the events surrounding the assassination.

Impact of Time to Endoscopic Resection on Outcomes for Stage I Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Background: Endoscopic resection (ER) is the preferred treatment for superficial esophageal cancer; however, a safe time frame for performing ER has not been established. This study evaluated the period in which ER can be performed for patients with stage I esophageal adenocarcinoma without compromising outcomes.

Methods: The 2004-2015 National Cancer Database was used to identify patients with cT1 N0 M0 esophageal adenocarcinoma who underwent upfront ER.

Effect of Lymph Node Assessment on Outcomes in Surgery for Limited Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: The National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines recommend surgery for limited stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, there is no literature on minimum acceptable lymph node retrieval in surgery for SCLC.

Methods: The National Cancer Database was queried for adult patients undergoing lobectomy for limited stage (cT1-2N0M0) SCLC from 2004 to 2015.

The Impact of Adjuvant Therapy on Survival After Esophagectomy for Node-negative Esophageal Adenocarcinoma.

Objective: Determine whether adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with a survival benefit in high risk T2-4a, pathologically node-negative distal esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Summary Of Background Data: There is minimal literature to substantiate the NCCN guidelines recommending adjuvant therapy for patients with distal esophageal adenocarcinoma and no pathologic evidence of nodal disease.

Methods: The National Cancer Database was used to identify adult patients with pT2-4aN0M0 esophageal adenocarcinoma who underwent definitive surgery (2004-2015) and had characteristics considered high risk by the NCCN.

The immunotherapeutic landscape in non-small cell lung cancer and its surgical horizons.

Lung cancer continues to be a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Despite tremendous advances in surgical technique, chemotherapy regimens, radiation, and targeted therapies, survival is <50% at 5 years. Immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), demonstrates promise as a solution to this clinical problem.

Simultaneous Versus Sequential Heart-liver Transplantation: Ideal Strategies for Organ Allocation.

Background: Simultaneous heart-liver (SHL) transplantation is an efficacious therapeutic modality for patients with combined heart and liver failure. However, the extent to which heart transplantation followed by sequential liver transplantation (LAH) can match the benefit of simultaneous transplantation has not previously been examined. Our objective was to determine if LAH offers comparable survival to SHL.

Salt, Hypertension, and Immunity.

The link between inappropriate salt retention in the kidney and hypertension is well recognized. However, growing evidence suggests that the immune system can play surprising roles in sodium homeostasis, such that the study of inflammatory cells and their secreted effectors has provided important insights into salt sensitivity. As part of the innate immune system, myeloid cells have diverse roles in blood pressure regulation, ranging from prohypertensive actions in the kidney, vasculature, and brain, to effects in the skin that attenuate blood pressure elevation.

The role of macrophages in hypertension and its complications.

Circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages play complex roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension, a highly prevalent disease associated with catastrophic cardiovascular morbidity. In the vasculature and kidney, macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines induce endothelial and epithelial dysfunction, respectively, resulting in vascular oxidative stress and impairment of sodium excretion. By contrast, VEGF-C-expressing macrophages in the skin can facilitate the removal of excess interstitial stores of sodium by stimulating lymphangiogenesis.

Clinical predictors and outcome implications of early readmission in lung transplant recipients.

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors and outcome implications for 30-day hospital readmission in lung transplant recipients.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of lung transplant cases from a single, high-volume lung transplant program between January 2000 and March 2012. Demographic and health data were reviewed for all patients.

A Qualitative Study of Smoking Behaviors among Newly Released Justice-Involved Men and Women in New York City.

Long-term effects of cigarette smoking result in an estimated 443,000 deaths each year, including approximately 49,400 deaths due to exposure to secondhand smoke. Tobacco is a major risk factor for a variety of chronic health problems, including certain cancers and heart disease. In this article, authors present qualitative findings derived from individual interviews with men and women who were incarcerated in New York state and New York City.

The smoking behaviors and cancer-related disparities among urban middle aged and older men involved in the criminal justice system.

This study examined cancer knowledge, mental health, and tobacco use in formerly incarcerated men. The Cancer-Health Research Study with Formerly Incarcerated Men in New York City used a cross-sectional research design to examine cancer knowledge and prevention (CKP) outcomes among 259 justice-involved males, ages 35-67. CKP was assessed using items from the National Cancer Institute's Health Information National Trends Survey.