Long-Term Clinical Outcomes of Paediatric Kidney Transplantation in Hong Kong-A Territory-Wide Study.

Aim: To review the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of paediatric kidney transplants in Hong Kong.

Method: A retrospective cohort study was carried out on all paediatric kidney transplant recipients managed in the Paediatric Nephrology Centre in Hong Kong from 2009 to 2020. All recipients were under 21 at the time of transplant, with a minimal follow-up period of 2 years.

Acquired cystic kidney disease in children with kidney failure.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, contributing factors, and clinical outcomes of acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) in children undergoing kidney replacement therapy (KRT).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, territory-wide study at the designated pediatric nephrology center in Hong Kong. ACKD was defined as the presence of ≥ 3 cysts in the native kidneys, excluding congenital or hereditary cystic diseases.

Correction: Angioarchitectural alterations in the retina and choroid in frontotemporal dementia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Comprehensive single-cell atlas of the mouse retina.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has advanced our understanding of cellular heterogeneity by characterizing cell types across tissues and species. While several mouse retinal scRNA-seq datasets exist, each dataset is either limited in cell numbers or focused on specific cell classes, thereby hindering comprehensive gene expression analysis across all retina types. To fill the gap, we generated the largest retinal scRNA-seq dataset to date, comprising approximately 190,000 single cells from C57BL/6J mouse retinas, enriched for rare population cells via antibody-based magnetic cell sorting.

Sample multiplexing for retinal single-cell RNA-sequencing.

Rare cell populations can be challenging to characterize using microfluidic single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) platforms. Typically, the population of interest must be enriched and pooled from multiple biological specimens for efficient collection. However, these practices preclude the resolution of sample origin together with phenotypic data and are problematic in experiments in which biological or technical variation is expected to be high (e.

Longitudinal Retinal and Choroidal Image Analysis in a Set of Monozygotic Twins.

We analyzed multimodal retinal and choroidal imaging, including optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA), to assess differences and characterize variations in the retinal and choroidal structure and microvasculature between healthy monozygotic twins without ocular or systemic pathology over a five-year period. Retinal imaging of both subjects revealed normal age-related changes. There was up to an 11% difference in OCT and OCTA variables within the subjects, both at baseline and at five years, and there was up to an 18% difference in OCT and OCTA parameters between the subjects for both time points.

Peripapillary Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Alzheimer's Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Normal Cognition.

Objective: This study aimed to identify peripapillary microvascular changes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Patients And Methods: In this prospective study, 66 eyes of 36 subjects with AD, 119 eyes of 63 with MCI, and 513 eyes of 265 controls with normal cognition were enrolled. Peripapillary capillary perfusion density (CPD), capillary flux index (CFI), and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were determined.

Comprehensive single-cell atlas of the mouse retina.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has advanced our understanding of cellular heterogeneity at the single-cell resolution by classifying and characterizing cell types in multiple tissues and species. While several mouse retinal scRNA-seq reference datasets have been published, each dataset either has a relatively small number of cells or is focused on specific cell classes, and thus is suboptimal for assessing gene expression patterns across all retina types at the same time. To establish a unified and comprehensive reference for the mouse retina, we first generated the largest retinal scRNA-seq dataset to date, comprising approximately 190,000 single cells from C57BL/6J mouse whole retinas.

Ultra-Widefield Imaging of the Retinal Macrovasculature in Parkinson Disease Versus Controls With Normal Cognition Using Alpha-Shapes Analysis.

Purpose: To investigate retinal vascular characteristics using ultra-widefield (UWF) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy in Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods: Individuals with an expert-confirmed clinical diagnosis of PD and controls with normal cognition without PD underwent Optos California UWF imaging. Patients with diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension, glaucoma, dementia, other movement disorders, or known retinal or optic nerve pathology were excluded.

Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature and Structure in Dementia With Lewy Bodies Compared With Normal Cognition.

To evaluate the retinal and choroidal microvasculature and structure in individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) compared with controls with normal cognition using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). An institutional review board-approved cross-sectional comparison of patients with DLB and cognitively normal controls was performed. The Cirrus HD-OCT 5000 with AngioPlex (Carl Zeiss Meditec) was used to obtain OCT and OCTA images.

Longitudinal Analysis of Retinal Microvascular and Choroidal Imaging Parameters in Parkinson's Disease Compared with Controls.

Purpose: To quantify rate of change of retinal microvascular and choroidal structural parameters in subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) compared with controls using OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA).

Design: Prospective longitudinal study.

Participants: Seventy-four eyes of 40 participants with PD and 149 eyes of 78 control individuals from the Eye Multimodal Imaging in Neurodegenerative Disease database.

Autoimmune-Related Retinopathy Presenting As Plaquenil Toxicity in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

To report 3 cases of autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to explore the association between these conditions and highlight additional clinical consideration of AIR in patients presenting with atypical retinopathy in the context of hydroxychloroquine use. The medical and clinical follow-up records of 3 clinical cases were reviewed. The eligibility criteria were the absence of other retinopathy or systemic autoimmune diseases.

Fluoroscopy-Guided Robotic System for Transforaminal Lumbar Epidural Injections.

We present an autonomous robotic spine needle injection system using fluoroscopic image-based navigation. Our system includes patient-specific planning, intra-operative image-based 2D/3D registration and navigation, and automatic robot-guided needle injection. We performed intensive simulation studies to validate the registration accuracy.

Retinal Vascular Changes in Alzheimer's Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study Using Ultra-Widefield Imaging.

Purpose: Retinal microvascular abnormalities measured on retinal images are a potential source of prognostic biomarkers of vascular changes in the neurodegenerating brain. We assessed the presence of these abnormalities in Alzheimer's dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using ultra-widefield (UWF) retinal imaging.

Methods: UWF images from 103 participants (28 with Alzheimer's dementia, 30 with MCI, and 45 with normal cognition) underwent analysis to quantify measures of retinal vascular branching complexity, width, and tortuosity.

Repeatability of Peripapillary OCT Angiography in Neurodegenerative Disease.

Purpose: To assess the repeatability of peripapillary OCT angiography (OCTA) in those with Alzheimer disease (AD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Parkinson disease (PD), or normal cognition.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Participants: Patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD, MCI, PD, or normal cognition were imaged.

ASSESSMENT OF RETINAL MICROVASCULAR ALTERATIONS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH AMNESTIC AND NONAMNESTIC MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT USING OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY.

Purpose: To assess retinal microvascular alterations in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and nonamnestic MCI.

Methods: One hundred twelve eyes of 59 amnestic MCI participants, 32 eyes of 17 nonamnestic MCI participants, and 111 eyes of 56 controls with normal cognition were included. Optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density and perfusion density in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study 3-mm circle and ring were assessed.

Autonomous Spinal Robotic System for Transforaminal Lumbar Epidural Injections: A Proof of Concept of Study.

Study Design: Phantom study.

Objective: The aim of our study is to demonstrate in a proof-of-concept model whether the use of a marker less autonomous robotic controlled injection delivery system will increase accuracy in the lumbar spine.

Methods: Ideal transforaminal epidural injection trajectories (bilateral L2/3, L3/4, L4/5, L5/S1 and S1) were planned out on a virtual pre-operative planning software by 1 experienced provider.

Longitudinal Analysis of the Retina and Choroid in Cognitively Normal Individuals at Higher Genetic Risk of Alzheimer Disease.

Purpose: To assess the baseline differences and longitudinal rate of change in retinal and choroidal imaging parameters between apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE ε4) carriers and noncarriers with normal cognition.

Design: Prospective study.

Subjects: Four hundred thirteen eyes of 218 individuals with normal cognition aged ≥ 55 years with known APOE status (98 APOE ε4 carriers and 120 noncarriers).

Nephronectin-integrin α8 signaling is required for proper migration of periocular neural crest cells during chick corneal development.

During development, cells aggregate at tissue boundaries to form normal tissue architecture of organs. However, how cells are segregated into tissue precursors remains largely unknown. Cornea development is a perfect example of this process whereby neural crest cells aggregate in the periocular region prior to their migration and differentiation into corneal cells.