Evaluating the effects of inorganic UV filter titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO) on early life stages of scleractinian coral Acropora tumida.

The extensive use of sunscreen products has led to an increase in the amount of UV filters being detected in marine ecosystems. While the hazards associated with organic UV filters are relatively well-studied, the effects of inorganic UV filters like nano‑titanium dioxide (nano-TiO) on corals remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of nano-TiO UV filters on the fertilization success, embryonic development, and larval survival of the branching coral species Acropora tumida.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Achieved Fistula Healing in a Young Patient With Severe Refractory Perianal Crohn's Disease.

The presence of perianal fistulae constitutes a more severe phenotype of Crohn's disease (CD) that often requires intensive medical therapy, wound care, and surgical intervention. Despite therapeutic advances in inflammatory bowel disease, the treatment of perianal fistulae remains challenging. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been proposed as an adjunctive treatment modality for induction of fistula healing.

Development and validation of a deep learning system for detection of small bowel pathologies in capsule endoscopy: a pilot study in a Singapore institution.

Introduction: Deep learning models can assess the quality of images and discriminate among abnormalities in small bowel capsule endoscopy (CE), reducing fatigue and the time needed for diagnosis. They serve as a decision support system, partially automating the diagnosis process by providing probability predictions for abnormalities.

Methods: We demonstrated the use of deep learning models in CE image analysis, specifically by piloting a bowel preparation model (BPM) and an abnormality detection model (ADM) to determine frame-level view quality and the presence of abnormal findings, respectively.

Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome Masquerading as Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (CCS) is a rare nonhereditary gastrointestinal polyposis syndrome. We illustrate a case with clinical presentation of dysgeusia, chronic diarrhea and weight loss, and endoscopic features of diffuse gastric mucosa nodularity with circumferential nodular pancolitis and a solitary colonic polyp initially mimicking inflammatory bowel disease. After multidisciplinary discussion, the diagnosis of CCS was made.

Quantitative Determination of Ethylene Using a Smartphone-Based Optical Fiber Sensor (SOFS) Coupled with Pyrene-Tagged Grubbs Catalyst.

For rapid and portable detection of ethylene in commercial fruit ripening storage rooms, we designed a smartphone-based optical fiber sensor (SOFS), which is composed of a 15 mW 365 nm laser for fluorescence signal excitation and a bifurcated fiber system for signal flow direction from probe to smartphone. Paired with a pyrene-tagged Grubbs catalyst (PYG) probe, our SOFS showed a wide linearity range up to 350 ppm with a detection limit of 0.6 ppm.

Development of the Revision Hip Complexity Classification using a modified Delphi technique.

Aims: The aim of this modified Delphi process was to create a structured Revision Hip Complexity Classification (RHCC) which can be used as a tool to help direct multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussions of complex cases in local or regional revision networks.

Methods: The RHCC was developed with the help of a steering group and an invitation through the British Hip Society (BHS) to members to apply, forming an expert panel of 35. We ran a mixed-method modified Delphi process (three rounds of questionnaires and one virtual meeting).

Hip Hemiarthroplasty: The Misnomer of a Narrow Femoral Canal and the Cost Implications.

Objective Hemiarthroplasty has been identified as the treatment of choice for displaced intracapsular femoral neck fractures. A modular prosthesis is sometimes preferred for its sizing options in narrow femoral canals, despite its higher cost and no advantage in clinical outcomes. Thus, in this study, we investigated the factors affecting surgeons' choice of prosthesis, hypothesizing that modular hemiarthroplasty is overused for narrow femoral canals compared to monoblock hip hemiarthroplasty.

Functional outcomes & metal ion levels following ceramic on metal total hip arthroplasty: 9 Year follow-up.

In this study, we evaluate the mid-term functional and radiological outcomes of Ceramic on Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty (CoM THA) THA. 66 CoM THAs were performed between 2008 and 2010. These were evaluated and followed up in 2017-18, at a mean follow-up of 9 years to record the Oxford Hip Score [OHS] and whole blood Cobalt and Chrome levels.

Curation of over 10 000 transcriptomic studies to enable data reuse.

Vast amounts of transcriptomic data reside in public repositories, but effective reuse remains challenging. Issues include unstructured dataset metadata, inconsistent data processing and quality control, and inconsistent probe-gene mappings across microarray technologies. Thus, extensive curation and data reprocessing are necessary prior to any reuse.

Is the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement associated with a lower risk of revision after primary total hip arthroplasty?

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement influenced the risk of revision surgery after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) for osteoarthritis.

Methods: The study involved data collected by the National Joint Registry (NJR) for England and Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man between 1 September 2005 and 31 August 2017. Cox proportional hazards were used to investigate the association between use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement and the risk of revision due to prosthetic joint infection (PJI), with adjustments made for the year of the initial procedure, age at the time of surgery, sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade, head size, and body mass index (BMI).

The outcomes of Perthes' disease.

Aims: To identify a suite of the key physical, emotional, and social outcomes to be employed in clinical practice and research concerning Perthes' disease in children.

Methods: The study follows the guidelines of the COMET-Initiative (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials). A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify a list of outcomes reported in previous studies, which was supplemented by a qualitative study exploring the experiences of families affected by Perthes' disease.

Magnitude of Therapeutic STING Activation Determines CD8 T Cell-Mediated Anti-tumor Immunity.

Intratumoral (IT) STING activation results in tumor regression in preclinical models, yet factors dictating the balance between innate and adaptive anti-tumor immunity are unclear. Here, clinical candidate STING agonist ADU-S100 (S100) is used in an IT dosing regimen optimized for adaptive immunity to uncover requirements for a T cell-driven response compatible with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs). In contrast to high-dose tumor ablative regimens that result in systemic S100 distribution, low-dose immunogenic regimens induce local activation of tumor-specific CD8 effector T cells that are responsible for durable anti-tumor immunity and can be enhanced with CPIs.

STING-Activating Adjuvants Elicit a Th17 Immune Response and Protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.

There are a limited number of adjuvants that elicit effective cell-based immunity required for protection against intracellular bacterial pathogens. Here, we report that STING-activating cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) formulated in a protein subunit vaccine elicit long-lasting protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the mouse model. Subcutaneous administration of this vaccine provides equivalent protection to that of the live attenuated vaccine strain Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG).

Interactive Exploration, Analysis, and Visualization of Complex Phenome-Genome Datasets with ASPIREdb.

Identifying variants causal for complex genetic disorders is challenging. With the advent of whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing, computational tools are needed to explore and analyze the list of variants for further validation. Correlating genetic variants with subject phenotype is crucial for the interpretation of the disease-causing mutations.

Wikidata as a semantic framework for the Gene Wiki initiative.

Open biological data are distributed over many resources making them challenging to integrate, to update and to disseminate quickly. Wikidata is a growing, open community database which can serve this purpose and also provides tight integration with Wikipedia. In order to improve the state of biological data, facilitate data management and dissemination, we imported all human and mouse genes, and all human and mouse proteins into Wikidata.

Stereochemical Outcomes in Reductive Cyclizations To Form Spirocyclic Heterocycles.

Reductive lithiation and cyclization of N-Boc α-amino nitriles are often highly stereoselective. The alkyllithium intermediates are formed with varying levels of selectivity, but the alkyllithium geometry does not play a major role in the overall stereoselectivity. The final configuration is determined in the cyclization reaction, where both retention and inversion pathways are observed.

STING agonist formulated cancer vaccines can cure established tumors resistant to PD-1 blockade.

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a cytosolic receptor that senses both exogenous and endogenous cytosolic cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), activating TBK1/IRF3 (interferon regulatory factor 3), NF-κB (nuclear factor κB), and STAT6 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 6) signaling pathways to induce robust type I interferon and proinflammatory cytokine responses. CDN ligands were formulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-producing cellular cancer vaccines--termed STINGVAX--that demonstrated potent in vivo antitumor efficacy in multiple therapeutic models of established cancer. We found that rationally designed synthetic CDN derivative molecules, including one with an Rp,Rp dithio diastereomer and noncanonical c[A(2',5')pA(3',5')p] phosphate bridge structure, enhanced antitumor efficacy of STINGVAX in multiple aggressive therapeutic models of established cancer in mice.