High-risk smoking in the United States: Nicotine staining predicts increased colonic adenomas and advanced adenomas on colonoscopy.

Background: Smoking is linked with numerous adverse health effects. Nicotine staining on fingers or teeth is thought to suggest active or heavy smoking. The significance of nicotine staining within gastroenterology remains unclear.

Marijuana and endoscopy: the effects of marijuana on sedation.

Background And Aims: Marijuana usage has increased significantly as it has become more readily available and legal, either recreationally or medicinally, in many states. It has been postulated that marijuana usage increases the amount of sedation required for procedures. However, there are minimal data defining this relationship.

Intracranial subdural hematoma after epidural anesthesia: a case report and review of the literature.

Background: Intracranial subdural hematoma occurring as a result of a procedure that causes a puncture of the spinal dura mater is extremely rare, with less than 100 cases reported. Often, this condition is initially misdiagnosed and treated as a post dural puncture headache.

Case Presentation: A woman presented to our emergency department complaining of a headache 4 days after receiving epidural anesthesia during uncomplicated childbirth.