Acute rejection post lung transplant.

Purpose Of Review: To review what is currently known about the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of acute rejection (AR) in lung transplantation.

Recent Findings: Epigenomic and transcriptomic methods are gaining traction as tools for earlier detection of AR, which still remains primarily a histopathologic diagnosis.

Summary: Acute rejection is a common cause of early posttransplant lung graft dysfunction and increases the risk of chronic rejection.

On the horizon: Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal.

Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECCOR) uses mechanical systems to treat hypercapnic respiratory failure. Its utility has been investigated in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and status asthmaticus, and as a bridge to lung transplant. In this review, we discuss how it works, why it should help, and current evidence supporting its use.

Successful treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis ( in a post-partum patient with COVID-19 ARDS requiring extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation using salvage therapy.

A 31-year-old female presented to a regional hospital at 27 weeks pregnant and was found to have COVID-19 ARDS. She underwent intubation and caesarian section for worsening hypoxia and non-reassuring fetal heart tones. Hypoxemia was refractory to proning requiring ECMO and transfer to a tertiary care center.

Duration of noninvasive ventilation is not a predictor of clinical outcomes in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD and respiratory failure.

Purpose: Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is proven to be effective in the majority of patients with acute exacerbation COPD (AECOPD) complicated with respiratory failure. NIV could be lifesaving but also can delay mechanical ventilation if its efficacy is not assessed in a timely manner.