Intuitive eating predictors and outcomes in people with severe mental illness participating in a lifestyle intervention.

Issue Addressed: People with severe mental illness (SMI) are at higher risk of preventable diseases than the general population; poor diet contributes to heightened risk. Adaptive approaches designed to improve intuitive eating may improve dietary behaviours in people with SMI. Aims of this study were to investigate predictors of, and assess the impact of a nutrition program on, intuitive eating in people with SMI.

Participation in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program by people with severe mental illness, Australia, 2006-2019: a national data linkage study.

Objective: To compare rates of participation in the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program (NBCSP) and follow-up for people with severe mental illness with those for people without severe mental illness or not prescribed antidepressants.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study; analysis of de-identified linked NBCSP, Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), and Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) data.

Setting: Australia, 2006-2019.

Characteristics of quality improvement interventions to improve physical healthcare in mental health settings: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Mental health concerns globally impact millions of people, resulting in significant financial impact and adverse health outcomes. People living with mental health concerns are at higher risk of developing physical health issues, which can lead to a shortened life expectancy. Barriers to physical healthcare, such as limited service capacity, low help seeking and stigma, contribute to health disadvantage.

The effect of exercise on global, social, daily living and occupational functioning in people living with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with high rates of global, social and occupational functional impairments. While prior meta-analyses have extensively examined the impact of exercise on physical and mental health, the impact on functioning in schizophrenia have yet to be fully established. This review aimed to update the evidence base regarding the impact of exercise on functioning in schizophrenia, and explore moderators of effect.

Biopsychology of Physical Activity in People with Schizophrenia: An Integrative Perspective on Barriers and Intervention Strategies.

People with severe mental illness such as schizophrenia experience high physical comorbidity, leading to a 15-20-year mortality gap compared with the general population. Lifestyle behaviours such as physical activity (PA) play important roles in the quest to bridge this gap. Interventions to increase PA engagement in this population have potential to be efficacious; however, their effectiveness can be hindered by low participant engagement, including low adherence and high drop-out, and by implementation of interventions that are not designed to compensate for the cognitive and motivational impairments characteristic for this group.

Changes in self-determined motivation for exercise in people with mental illness participating in a community-based exercise service in Australia.

Exercise has diverse benefits for physical and mental health in people with mental illness; however, it is unclear how to effectively promote exercise motivation in this group. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions utilising exercise instruction or behavioural counselling with people with mental illness to improve self-determined motivation for exercise, and physical and mental health. Participants were adults (aged 18+ years) receiving mental health services.

Psychosocial and lifestyle predictors of distress and well-being in people with mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: People with mental illness may be vulnerable to psychological distress and reduced well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess psychosocial and lifestyle predictors of distress and well-being in people with mental illness during the pandemic.

Method: People with mental illness who participated in an exercise programme prior to the pandemic were invited to complete surveys about mental health and lifestyle corresponding to before and during the pandemic.

Preferences of people with mental illness for engaging in exercise programs under COVID-19 restrictions.

Objectives: People with mental illness may be vulnerable to decline in mental health and reduced physical activity because of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated restrictions. The aim of this study was to inform the design of physical activity interventions for implementation under these conditions to improve/maintain well-being and physical activity in this population.

Methods: People with mental illness who had participated in a physical activity program prior to the pandemic were invited to complete a survey about the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and physical activity and their preferences for engaging in a physical activity program under pandemic-related restrictions.

Feasibility and Acceptability of a Student-Led Lifestyle (Diet and Exercise) Intervention Within a Residential Rehabilitation Setting for People With Severe Mental Illness, GO HEART (Group Occupation, Health, Exercise And Rehabilitation Treatment).

Purpose: People with severe mental illness (SMI) experience poor physical health and premature mortality, contributed significantly by modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as poor nutrition, low cardiorespiratory fitness, and physical inactivity. Lifestyle interventions can reduce cardiometabolic risk and confer a range of other positive mental and physical health benefits. We assessed the feasibility, acceptability, safety, and preliminary effectiveness of a lifestyle (combined dietary and exercise) intervention lead by senior exercise and dietetics students in a residential mental health rehabilitation setting.

High Intensity Interval training (HIIT) for people with severe mental illness: A systematic review & meta-analysis of intervention studies- considering diverse approaches for mental and physical recovery.

There is a mortality gap of 15 to 20 years for people with severe mental illness (SMI - psychotic spectrum, bipolar, major depressive disorders). Modifiable risk factors include inactivity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Exercise can improve mental and physical outcomes; optimal type and intensity of exercise for people with SMI has yet to be determined.

A comparison study of three physical activity measurement tools examining acceptability in people with psychosis.

Objective: To compare the acceptability of three distinct physical activity measurement tools in people with psychosis: an objective measurement tool, a self-report measure, and an exercise capacity test.

Methods: We measured the completion rate for each measurement tool. Participants rated the ease/difficulty of each measure using a 7-point Likert scale.

Protocol for a randomised controlled trial of interventions to promote adoption and maintenance of physical activity in adults with mental illness.

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) has diverse benefits for physical and mental health and can reduce symptoms of mental illness. Adults with mental illness face practical, psychosocial and socioeconomic barriers to adopting and maintaining PA, and it is unclear how to effectively promote PA in this group. Supervised exercise interventions provide high support but may not promote autonomous motivation, which is important for PA maintenance.

Cellular clearance of circulating transthyretin decreases cell-nonautonomous proteotoxicity in .

Cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous mechanisms of neurodegeneration appear to occur in the proteinopathies, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. However, how neuronal toxicity is generated from misfolding-prone proteins secreted by nonneuronal tissues and whether modulating protein aggregate levels at distal locales affects the degeneration of postmitotic neurons remains unknown. We generated and characterized animal models of the transthyretin (TTR) amyloidoses that faithfully recapitulate cell-nonautonomous neuronal proteotoxicity by expressing human TTR in the muscle.

Embedding exercise interventions as routine mental health care: implementation strategies in residential, inpatient and community settings.

Objectives: Evaluation of physical activity (PA) programs among populations with severe mental illness (SMI) has predominately focused on efficacy and therapeutic benefits. There is now strong evidence to support the benefits of PA in people with SMI. What remains is a gap in the implementation of pragmatic and sustainable PA interventions in mental-health settings.

Quantification of free-living activity patterns using accelerometry in adults with mental illness.

Physical activity is disrupted in many psychiatric disorders. Advances in everyday technologies - such as accelerometers in smart phones - opens exciting possibilities for non-intrusive acquisition of activity data. Successful exploitation of this opportunity requires the validation of analytical methods that can capture the full movement spectrum.

Physical activity preferences, motivators, barriers and attitudes of adults with mental illness.

Background: Adults with mental illness may have specific attitudes toward physical activity (PA).

Aims: To assess the PA attitudes of non-institutionalised adults with mental illness, and associations with psychological distress.

Method: Participants completed questionnaires on activity preferences (type, context and sources of support), motivators, barriers and attitudes toward personal training (PT).

The Feasibility of Using Questionnaires and Accelerometers to Measure Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Inpatient Adults With Mental Illness.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using questionnaires and accelerometers to measure physical activity and sedentary behavior among inpatient adults with mental illness.

Methods: Participants completed a physical activity and sitting time questionnaire and wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Feasibility was assessed in terms of participant engagement, self-reported ease/ difficulty of completing study components, extreme self-report data values and adherence to accelerometer wear time criteria.

Physical activity and sedentary behaviour among inpatient adults with mental illness.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess levels and patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviour among inpatient adults with mental illness.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Methods: 101 participants completed questionnaires on time spent in walking, moderate- and vigorous-intensity activity in the past week and domain specific sitting time on a usual weekday and weekend day.

The feasibility and acceptability of questionnaires and accelerometry for measuring physical activity and sedentary behaviour in adults with mental illness.

Background: Adults with mental illness may have difficulties with data collection methods such as questionnaires and accelerometry.

Aims: To assess the utility of questionnaires and accelerometry for assessing physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in non-institutionalised adults with mental illness.

Methods: Participants were recruited from outpatient clinics and community organisations.

Physical activity attitudes and preferences among inpatient adults with mental illness.

The life expectancy of adults with mental illness is worse than that of the general population and is largely due to poor physical health status. Physical activity has been consistently recommended for the prevention and management of many chronic physical health conditions and can also have benefits for mental health. This cross sectional study assessed the attitudes towards and preferences for physical activity among inpatient adults with mental illness, and differences by distress and gender.

Erythroferrone contributes to hepcidin suppression and iron overload in a mouse model of β-thalassemia.

Inherited anemias with ineffective erythropoiesis, such as β-thalassemia, manifest inappropriately low hepcidin production and consequent excessive absorption of dietary iron, leading to iron overload. Erythroferrone (ERFE) is an erythroid regulator of hepcidin synthesis and iron homeostasis. Erfe expression was highly increased in the marrow and spleen of Hbb(Th3/+) mice (Th3/+), a mouse model of thalassemia intermedia.

Physical activity and sedentary behaviour of adults with mental illness.

Objectives: To assess physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) in non-institutionalised adults with mental illness, using a combination of self-report and objective measures.

Design: Cross-sectional

Methods: Participants completed PA questionnaires (time spent walking for transport, walking for recreation, gardening, vigorous-, and moderate-intensity activities), and SB questionnaires (time spent sitting for TV, travel, work, computer use, and reclining). Participants also wore an accelerometer for 7 days.

Osteopontin is required for the early onset of high fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice.

Background: Insulin resistance is manifested in muscle, adipose tissue, and liver and is associated with adipose tissue inflammation. The cellular components and mechanisms that regulate the onset of diet-induced insulin resistance are not clearly defined.

Methodology And Principal Findings: We initially observed osteopontin (OPN) mRNA over-expression in adipose tissue of obese, insulin resistant humans and rats which was normalized by thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment in both species.