Implementation of Intelligent Physical Exercise Training at a Danish Hospital-A Qualitative Study of Employees' Barriers and Facilitators for Participation.

Background: Exercise training at work has the potential to improve employees' productivity, health, and well-being. However, exercise interventions for healthcare workers in hospitals may be challenged by time pressure and the ongoing workflow with patient care.

Objective: The aim was to identify barriers and facilitators for participation in exercise training during work in a hospital department.

Long Term Cardiovascular Health Effects of Intelligent Physical Exercise Training Among Office Workers-A 2 Year Follow up of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: The aim of the study is to assess long-term effects of intelligent physical exercise training (IPET) on cardiorespiratory fitness (VO 2max ) and cardiometabolic measures.

Methods: Office workers were randomized to a control group (CG, n = 194) or a training group (TG, n = 193). The TG received 1-hour weekly IPET during paid working hours for 2 years and recommendations to perform 30-minute leisure time physical activity 6 d/wk (LPA).

Exercise Training During Working Hours at a Hospital Department: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: This pilot study tested the use of an exercise offer to hospital employees during working hours and changes in work and health parameters.

Methods: Employees (n = 214) from a medical department on a Danish hospital were invited to 30 minutes' exercise training twice weekly for 12 weeks. Outcomes included health- and work-related parameters.

Attendance barriers experienced by female health care workers voluntarily participating in a multi-component health promotion programme at the workplace.

Background: Studies have shown that Workplace Health Promoting Programmes (WHPP) can facilitate healthier behaviour. Despite the benefits achieved from participating in a WHPP, a systematic review showed that only 10-50% of the employees participated and a challenge was lack of participation. Previous studies stress that understanding the barriers that prevent participants from attending WHPPs are important for designing highly effective interventions.

The Effect of Intelligent Physical Exercise Training on Sickness Presenteeism and Absenteeism Among Office Workers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of individually tailored intelligent physical exercise training (IPET) on presenteeism and absenteeism among office workers.

Methods: In a 1-year randomized controlled trial (RCT), employees were allocated to a training group TG (N = 193) or control group CG (N = 194). TG received 1-hour high-intensity IPET once a week within working hours, and was recommended to perform 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) 6 days a week during leisure-time.

Exercise is more than medicine: The working age population's well-being and productivity.

Background: Physical activity (PA) includes muscle activity during exercise, manual work, and leisure time activities including sport. Conflicting results exist regarding health effects of PA that may deteriorate with manual work and elite sports, but improve when performed in moderation in accordance with international guidelines and may additionally enhance well-being and productivity.

Methods: In Denmark 15 randomized controlled trials have been conducted, introducing exercise at the workplace enrolling >3500 workers.

Implementing intelligent physical exercise training at the workplace: health effects among office workers-a randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: The aim was to assess 1-year cardiovascular health effects of Intelligent Physical Exercise Training, IPET.

Methods: Office workers from six companies were randomized 1:1 to a training group, TG (N = 194) or a control group, CG (N = 195). TG received 1-h supervised high intensity IPET every week within working hours for 1 year, and was recommended to perform 30-min of moderate intensity physical activity 6 days a week during leisure.

Enzyme assays for synthesis and degradation of 2-5As and other 2'-5' oligonucleotides.

Background: The 5'-triphosphorylated, 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylate polyribonucleotides (2-5As) are central to the interferon-induced antiviral 2-5A system. The 2-5As bind and activate the RNase L, an endoRNase degrading viral and cellular RNA leading to inhibition of viral replication. The 2-5A system is tightly controlled by synthesis and degradation of 2-5As.

Mitochondrial localization of the OAS1 p46 isoform associated with a common single nucleotide polymorphism.

Background: The expression of 2'-5'-Oligoadenylate synthetases (OASs) is induced by type 1 Interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infection. The OAS proteins have a unique ability to produce 2'-5' Oligoadenylates, which bind and activate the ribonuclease RNase L. The RNase L degrades cellular RNAs which in turn inhibits protein translation and induces apoptosis.

A conceptual model for worksite intelligent physical exercise training--IPET--intervention for decreasing life style health risk indicators among employees: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Health promotion at the work site in terms of physical activity has proven positive effects but optimization of relevant exercise training protocols and implementation for high adherence are still scanty.

Methods/design: The aim of this paper is to present a study protocol with a conceptual model for planning the optimal individually tailored physical exercise training for each worker based on individual health check, existing guidelines and state of the art sports science training recommendations in the broad categories of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength in specific body parts, and functional training including balance training. The hypotheses of this research are that individually tailored worksite-based intelligent physical exercise training, IPET, among workers with inactive job categories will: 1) Improve cardiorespiratory fitness and/or individual health risk indicators, 2) Improve muscle strength and decrease musculoskeletal disorders, 3) Succeed in regular adherence to worksite and leisure physical activity training, and 3) Reduce sickness absence and productivity losses (presenteeism) in office workers.

Enzymatically active 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetases are widely distributed among Metazoa, including protostome lineage.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetases (OASs) belong to the nucleotidyl transferase family together with poly(A) polymerases, CCA-adding enzymes and the recently discovered cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). Mammalian OASs have been thoroughly characterized as components of the interferon-induced antiviral system. The OAS activity and the respective genes were also discovered in marine sponges where the interferon system is absent.

Characterization of human phosphodiesterase 12 and identification of a novel 2'-5' oligoadenylate nuclease - The ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1.

The vertebrate 2-5A system is part of the innate immune response and central to cellular antiviral activities. Upon activation by viral double-stranded RNA, 5'-triphosphorylated, 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylate polyribonucleotides (2-5As) are synthesized by one of several 2'-5' oligoadenylate synthetases. The 2-5As bind and activate RNase L, an unspecific endoribonuclease, resulting in viral and cellular RNA decay.

Human 2'-phosphodiesterase localizes to the mitochondrial matrix with a putative function in mitochondrial RNA turnover.

The vertebrate 2-5A system is part of the innate immune system and central to cellular antiviral defense. Upon activation by viral double-stranded RNA, 5'-triphosphorylated, 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylate polyribonucleotides (2-5As) are synthesized by one of several 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases. These unusual oligonucleotides activate RNase L, an unspecific endoribonuclease that mediates viral and cellular RNA breakdown.

Evolution of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase family in eukaryotes and bacteria.

The 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) belongs to a nucleotidyl transferase family that includes poly(A) polymerases and CCA-adding enzymes. In mammals and birds, the OAS functions in the interferon system but it is also present in an active form in sponges, which are devoid of the interferon system. In view of these observations, we have pursued the idea that OAS genes could be present in other metazoans and in unicellular organisms as well.

2'-phosphodiesterase and 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase activities in the lowest metazoans, sponge [porifera].

Sponges [porifera], the most ancient metazoans, contain modules related to the vertebrate immune system, including the 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS). The components of the antiviral 2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) system (OAS, 2'-Phosphodiesterase (2'-PDE) and RNAse L) of vertebrates have not all been identified in sponges. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that in addition to the OAS activity, sponges possess a 2'-PDE activity, which highlights the probable existence of a premature 2-5A system.

In vitro effects of metal pollution on Mediterranean sponges: species-specific inhibition of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase.

Heavy metals are among the main pollutants of the Mediterranean coastal waters where they can harm sublittoral biota. Filter-feeder, long-living invertebrates that remain fixed to the rocky bottom, such as sponges, are good targets to metal contamination studies since they may be exposed to potential low levels of contamination for years. Several molecular and biochemical mechanisms are developed by sponges to counteract the effects of noxious metals.

Sponge OAS has a distinct genomic structure within the 2-5A synthetase family.

2',5'-Oligoadenylate synthetases (2-5A synthetases, OAS) are enzymes that play an important role in the interferon-induced antiviral defense mechanisms in mammals. Sponges, the evolutionarily lowest multicellular animals, also possess OAS; however, their function is presently unclear. Low homology between primary structures of 2-5A synthetases from vertebrates and sponges renders their evolutionary relationship obscure.

Expression and characterization of recombinant 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase from the marine sponge Geodia cydonium.

2',5'-oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetases are known as components of the interferon-induced cellular defence mechanism in mammals. The existence of 2-5A synthetases in the evolutionarily lowest multicellular animals, the marine sponges, has been demonstrated and the respective candidate genes from Geodia cydonium and Suberites domuncula have been identified. In the present study, the putative 2-5A synthetase cDNA from G.

The human 2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase family: unique interferon-inducible enzymes catalyzing 2'-5' instead of 3'-5' phosphodiester bond formation.

The demonstration by Kerr and colleagues that double-stranded (ds) RNA inhibits drastically protein synthesis in cell-free systems prepared from interferon-treated cells, suggested the existence of an interferon-induced enzyme, which is dependent on dsRNA. Consequently, two distinct dsRNA-dependent enzymes were discovered: a serine/threonine protein kinase that nowadays is referred to as PKR and a 2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase (2'-5'OAS) that polymerizes ATP to 2'-5'-linked oligomers of adenosine with the general formula pppA(2'p5'A)(n), n>or=1. The product is pppG2'p5'G when GTP is used as a substrate.

Phototransduction genes are up-regulated in a global gene expression study of Drosophila melanogaster selected for heat resistance.

The genetic architecture underlying heat resistance remains partly unclear despite the well-documented involvement of heat shock proteins (Hsps). It was previously shown that factors besides Hsps are likely to play an important role for heat resistance. In this study, gene expression arrays were used to make replicate measurements of gene expression before and up to 64 hours after a mild heat stress treatment, in flies selected for heat resistance and unselected control flies, to identify genes differentially expressed in heat resistance-selected flies.

Full genome gene expression analysis of the heat stress response in Drosophila melanogaster.

The availability of full genome sequences has allowed the construction of microarrays, with which screening of the full genome for changes in gene expression is possible. This method can provide a wealth of information about biology at the level of gene expression and is a powerful method to identify genes and pathways involved in various processes. In this study, we report a detailed analysis of the full heat stress response in Drosophila melanogaster females, using whole genome gene expression arrays (Affymetrix Inc, Santa Clara, CA, USA).