Phytochemical profile and diverse pharmacology of L.

L. syn. Pierre belongs to the family Clusiaceae, is indigenous to Southeast Asian countries.

Therapeutic Potential of Linn. in Attenuating Cardiovascular Risk Factors.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a broad spectrum of diseases afflicting the heart and blood vessels and remain a major cause of death and disability worldwide. CVD progression is strongly associated with risk factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis. These risk factors lead to oxidative damage that results in various cardiovascular complications including endothelial dysfunctions, alterations in vascular integrity, the formation of atherosclerosis, as well as incorrigible cardiac remodeling.

Cardioprotective Properties of Kaempferol: A Review.

Cardiac diseases, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure, have become a major clinical problem globally. The accumulating data demonstrate that bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have favorable effects on clinical problems. Kaempferol is a flavonoid found in various plants; it has demonstrated cardioprotective properties in numerous cardiac injury models.

Pharmacological activities and mechanisms of action of hypophyllanthin: A review.

Hypophyllanthin is a major lignan present in various species and has been used as one of the bioactive chemical markers for quality control purposes as it contributes to their diverse pharmacological activities. The objective of this study is to compile up-to-date data on the pharmacological actions and mechanisms of hypophyllanthin. This review also includes the extracts of species whose pharmacological actions have been partially attributed to hypophyllanthin.

Hassk. Empty Pod Extract Prevents Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Inhibiting MAPK and Calcineurin-NFATC3 Signaling Pathways.

Cardiac hypertrophy is an early hallmark during the clinical course of heart failure. Therapeutic strategies aiming to alleviate cardiac hypertrophy via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling pathway may help prevent cardiac dysfunction. Previously, empty pod ethanol crude extract of Hassk was shown to demonstrate protective effects against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

Molecular mechanisms of sacubitril/valsartan in cardiac remodeling.

Cardiovascular diseases have become a major clinical burden globally. Heart failure is one of the diseases that commonly emanates from progressive uncontrolled hypertension. This gives rise to the need for a new treatment for the disease.

The Role of PKC-MAPK Signalling Pathways in the Development of Hyperglycemia-Induced Cardiovascular Complications.

Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death among diabetic patients worldwide. Hence, cardiovascular wellbeing in diabetic patients requires utmost importance in disease management. Recent studies have demonstrated that protein kinase C activation plays a vital role in the development of cardiovascular complications via its activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, also known as PKC-MAPK pathways.

The Role of Polyphenol in Modulating Associated Genes in Diabetes-Induced Vascular Disorders.

Diabetes-induced vascular disorder is considered one of the deadly risk factors among diabetic patients that are caused by persistent hyperglycemia that eventually leads to cardiovascular diseases. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to high blood glucose levels activate signaling pathways such as AGE/RAGE, PKC, polyol, and hexosamine pathways. The activated signaling pathway triggers oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis which later lead to vascular dysfunction induced by diabetes.

Genistein: A Review on its Anti-Inflammatory Properties.

Nowadays, non-resolving inflammation is becoming a major trigger in various diseases as it plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, asthma, cancer, obesity, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, neurodegenerative disease, multiple sclerosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. However, prolonged use of anti-inflammatory drugs is usually accompanied with undesirable effects and hence more patients tend to seek for natural compounds as alternative medicine. Considering the fact above, there is an urgency to discover and develop potential novel, safe and efficacious natural compounds as drug candidates for future anti-inflammatory therapy.

Extracts of (Burm.f.) Nees Leaves Exert Anti-Gout Effects by Lowering Uric Acid Levels and Reducing Monosodium Urate Crystal-Induced Inflammation.

(Burm.f.) Nees has been found to have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulatory effects.

Hassk. Empty Pod Extract Alleviates Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in H9c2 Cells by Modulating the Ang II/ROS/NO Axis and MAPK Pathway.

Cardiac hypertrophy is characteristic of heart failure in patients who have experienced cardiac remodeling. Many medicinal plants, including Hassk., have documented cardioprotective effects against such pathologies.

New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene.

Lycopene is a well-known compound found commonly in tomatoes which brings wide range of health benefits against cardiovascular diseases and cancers. From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer. Previous scientific evidence exhibited that the anti-cancer activity of lycopene relies on its ability to suppress oncogene expressions and induce proapoptotic pathways.

Rutin Modulates MAPK Pathway Differently from Quercetin in Angiotensin II-Induced H9c2 Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy.

Rutin is a flavonoid with antioxidant property. It has been shown to exert cardioprotection against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. However, studies regarding its antihypertrophic property are still lacking, whether it demonstrates similar antihypertrophic effect to its metabolite, quercetin.

Anti-Allergic Rhinitis Effects of Medicinal Plants and Their Bioactive Metabolites Suppression of the Immune System: A Mechanistic Review.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa and it is an immunoglobulin E-mediated disease. The incidence and prevalence of AR globally have been escalating over recent years. Antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, decongestants, intranasal anticholinergics, intranasal cromolyn, leukotriene receptor antagonists and immunotherapy have been used in the treatment of AR.

A new prenylated benzoquinone from Cyathocalyx pruniferus abrogates LPS-induced inflammatory responses associated with PGE, COX-2 and cytokines biosynthesis in human plasma.

In our previous laboratory findings, Cyathocalyx pruniferus extracts exhibited platelet-activating factor inhibition, suggesting their anti-inflammatory potential. Hence, this study was designed with the aim to isolate phyto-constituents from C. pruniferus with potent anti-inflammatory activities.

Luteolin and apigenin derived glycosides from Alphonsea elliptica abrogate LPS-induced inflammatory responses in human plasma.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Numerous Alphonsea species including Alphonsea elliptica (mempisang) leaves and fruits are indigenously used in inflammatory conditions such as postpartum swelling and rheumatism in southeast Asian countries. In our previous in-vitro findings, A. elliptica methanol extract exhibited platelet-activating factor inhibition, suggesting the presence of phyto-constituents with anti-inflammatory potential.

Sinensetin: An Insight on Its Pharmacological Activities, Mechanisms of Action and Toxicity.

Sinensetin, a plant-derived polymethoxylated flavonoid found in var. and several citrus fruits, has been found to possess strong anticancer activities and a variety of other pharmacological benefits and promising potency in intended activities with minimal toxicity. This review aims to compile an up-to-date reports of published scientific information on sinensetin pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and toxicity.

Mechanistic Studies of the Antiallergic Activity of Schum. & Thonn. and Its Compounds.

Schum. & Thonn. (Phyllanthaceae) is a medicinal plant that is commonly used to treat diseases such as asthma, diabetes, and anemia.

UPLC-MS-Based Metabolomics Profiling for α-Glucosidase Inhibiting Property of Pods.

is a food plant that grows indigenously in Southeast Asia. A great deal of interest has been paid to this plant due to its traditional uses in the treatment of several diseases. The pods contain many beneficial secondary metabolites with potential applications in medicine and cosmetics.

Genus : Phytochemical, Medicinal Uses, and Pharmacological Properties.

The genus (Fabaceae, Subfamily, Mimosoideae) comprises about 34 species of mostly evergreen trees widely distributed across neotropics, Asia, and Africa. This review aims to provide an overview of the current status of the species from the genus in terms of its relationship between its phytochemistry and medical uses. Comprehensive information on species was retrieved from electronic databases, which were Web of Science, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Google Scholar.

Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of a new isocoumarin obtained from Marantodes pumilum var. pumila leaves.

Background: In traditional Malay medicine, Marantodes pumilum (Blume) Kuntze (family Primulaceae) is commonly used by women to treat parturition, flatulence, dysentery, dysmenorrhea, gonorrhea, and bone diseases. Preliminary screening of some Primulaceae species showed that they possess xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of three varieties of M.

Effects of Quercetin on Cardiac Function in Pressure Overload and Postischemic Cardiac Injury in Rodents: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Cardiac dysfunction can occur as a sequela of a state of prolonged pressure overload and postischemic injury. Flavonoids such as quercetin may be protective against cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to systematically assess the effects of quercetin on cardiac function in pressure overload and postischemia-reperfusion injury in rodents.

Anti-hyperuricemic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of as Potential Treatment for Gout.

(Primulaceae) has been used in Malaysian folk medicine to help women regain strength after delivery and for "sickness in the bones." It was previously revealed that its extracts inhibited xanthine oxidase (XO) activity . The leaves and roots of var.