The use of the phosphomannose-isomerase/mannose selection system to recover transgenic apple plants.

A selection system based on the phosphomannose-isomerase gene (pmi) as a selectable marker and mannose as the selective agent was evaluated for the transformation of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.). Mannose is an unusable carbon source for many plant species.

An in vitro study on the postinfection activities of copper hydroxide and copper sulfate against conidia of Venturia inaequalis.

The postinfection activities of copper hydroxide [Cu(OH)2] and copper sulfate (CuSO4) against apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) were evaluated in an in vitro study. Our intention was to support the aim of reducing copper application rates by appropriate timing of applications. Experiments were conducted at 20 degrees C with leaf disks and isolated cuticular membranes (CM) of Malus x domestica 'Gloster' and 'Elstar'.