How the master's level is implemented in internships within master's programmes - exploring the views of students, clinicians, and educators in midwifery and public health nursing.

In the course of worldwide attempts at the academisation of professional education and the Bologna process, nursing education has become both bachelor's and master's programmes at colleges, polytechnics, and universities.We investigated how a master's level in internships is conceptionalised by the involved parties. Our focus was on Norwegian master's education programmes in two different health professions, midwifery and public health nursing.

Experiences Using Media Health Claims to Teach Evidence-Based Practice to Healthcare Students: A Mixed Methods Study.

Background: A multifaceted and interactive teaching approach is recommended for achieving proficiency in evidence-based practice, with critical thinking considered vital for connecting theory and practice. In this context, we advocate the strategic use of health claims in the media to promote critical thinking, complemented by a blended learning approach and a group exam.

Method: We conducted a convergent mixed methods study, including a cross-sectional survey with structured and open-ended questions as well as focus group interviews, at Oslo Metropolitan University, during the 2020-2021 academic year.

Evaluating Relapse Knowledge in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Development and Validation of the Relapse Knowledge Questionnaire.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) knowledge is a prerequisite for active patient engagement in medical decision-making. Treatment of relapses in MS is a clinical field with many uncertainties and each acute relapse requires decisions regarding possible options for action, indicating the need for patient involvement. However, there is no validated instrument assessing relapse knowledge in people with MS.

MAPPinfo - mapping quality of health information: Validation study of an assessment instrument.

Background: Health information is a prerequisite for informed choices-decisions, made by individuals about their own health based on knowledge and in congruence with own preferences. Criteria for development, content and design have been defined in a corresponding guideline. However, no instruments exist that provide reasonably operationalised measurement items.

Shared decision making and advance care planning: a systematic literature review and novel decision-making model.

Background And Aims: Shared decision making (SDM) and advance care planning (ACP) are important evidence and ethics based concepts that can be translated in communication tools to aid the treatment decision-making process. Although both have been recommended in the care of patients with risks of complications, they have not yet been described as two components of one single process. In this paper we aim to (1) assess how SDM and ACP is being applied, choosing patients with aortic stenosis with high and moderate treatment complication risks such as bleeding or stroke as an example, and (2) propose a model to best combine the two concepts and integrate them in the care process.

Efficacy of Three Numerical Presentation Formats on Lay People's Comprehension and Risk Perception of Fact Boxes-A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

(1) Background: Fact boxes present the benefits and harms of medical interventions in the form of tables. Some studies suggest that people with a lower level of education could profit more from graphic presentations. The objective of the study was to compare three different formats in fact boxes with regard to verbatim and gist knowledge in general and according to the educational background.

Evaluating student's ability to assess treatment claims: validating a German version of the Claim Evaluation Tools.

Background: The Claim Evaluation Tools measure the ability to assess claims about treatment effects. The aim of this study was to adapt the German item sets to the target group of secondary school students (aged 11 to 16 years, grade 6 to 10) and to validate them accordingly. The scale's reliability and validity using Rasch's probabilistic test theory should be determined.

New status report from Norway: Implementation of patient involvement in Norwegian health care.

In Norway, shared decision-making (SDM) is on the top of the priorities announced by the health authorities. Accountability for implementing this priority has been delegated to the four health regions, and from there into particular departments, hospital trusts, working groups or SDM coordinators. Using abundant public funding, different approaches to producing and implementing patient decision aids have been developed.

Ready for SDM- evaluation of an interprofessional training module in shared decision making - A cluster randomized trial.

Objective: Ready for SDM was developed in Norway as a comprehensive modularized curriculum for health care providers (HCP). The current study evaluated the efficacy of one of the modules, a 2-hour interprofessional SDM training designed to enhance SDM competencies.

Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted with eight District Psychiatric Centres randomized to wait-list control (CG) or intervention group (IG).

Decision coaching for people making healthcare decisions.

Background: Decision coaching is non-directive support delivered by a healthcare provider to help patients prepare to actively participate in making a health decision. 'Healthcare providers' are considered to be all people who are engaged in actions whose primary intent is to protect and improve health (e.g.

Ready for SDM: evaluating a train-the-trainer program to facilitate implementation of SDM training in Norway.

Background: Healthcare providers need training to implement shared decision making (SDM). In Norway, we developed "Ready for SDM", a comprehensive SDM curriculum tailored to various healthcare providers, settings, and competence levels, including a course targeting interprofessional healthcare teams. The overall aim was to evaluate a train-the-trainer (TTT) program for healthcare providers wanting to offer this course within their hospital trust.

Impact of a multimedia website with patient experiences of multiple sclerosis (PExMS) on immunotherapy decision-making: study protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial in a mixed-methods design.

Background: A variety of management options (e.g. immunotherapies, lifestyle interventions, and rehabilitation) are available for people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS).

Patient autonomy in dentistry: demonstrating the role for shared decision making.

Background: Evidence-based practice, decision aids, patient preferences and autonomy preferences (AP) play an important role in making decisions with the patient. They are crucial in the process of a shared decision making (SDM) and can be incorporated into quality criteria for patient involvement in health care. However, there are few studies on SDM and AP in the field of dentistry.

MAPPinfo, mapping quality of health information: study protocol for a validation study of an assessment instrument.

Introduction: Health information is a prerequisite of informed decision-making. Criteria for development, content and presentation have recently been published in a corresponding guideline. Within a systematic search, 27 relevant checklists were identified, none of them, however, complying with the guideline or providing reasonably operationalised measurement items.

Efficacy of a training programme to support the application of the guideline evidence-based health information: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

Background: The evidence-based guideline entitled guideline evidence-based health information emerged from the German Network for Evidence-based Medicine (DNEbM) and was published in February 2017. The guideline addresses providers of health information and its goal is to improve the quality of health information. In addition, we explored the competences of providers of health information and developed a training programme.

Ready for shared decision making: Pretesting a training module for health professionals on sharing decisions with their patients.

Introduction: While shared decision-making (SDM) training programmes for health professionals have been developed in several countries, few have been evaluated. In Norway, a comprehensive curriculum, "klar for samvalg" (ready for SDM), for interprofessional health-care teams was created using generic didactic methods and guidance to tailor training to various contexts. The programmes adapted didactic methods from an evidence-based German training programmes (doktormitSDM).

Building ground for didactics in a patient decision aid for hip osteoarthritis. Exploring patient-related barriers and facilitators towards shared decision-making.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore patient-related barriers and facilitators towards shared decision-making (SDM) during routine orthopedic outpatient consultations as part of the process of developing a patient decision aid (PDA) for patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods: Consultations comprising nineteen hip OA patients referred to an orthopedic surgeon for treatment decision-making were observed, audio recorded and transcribed. Iterative thematic analysis proceeded, based on a taxonomy of generic patient-related barriers towards SDM grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

Shared decision-making in older patients with colorectal or pancreatic cancer: Determinants of patients' and observers' perceptions.

Objective: To identify determinants of older patients' perceptions of involvement in decision-making on colorectal (CRC) or pancreatic cancer (PC) treatment, and to compare these with determinants of observers' perceptions.

Methods: Patients' perceptions of involvement were constructed by the 9-item SDM questionnaire (SDM-Q-9) and a Visual Analogue Scale for Involvement (VAS-I). Observers' perceptions were constructed by the OPTION5, OPTION12, and MAPPIN'SDM.

Efficacy of the doktormitSDM training module in supporting shared decision making - Results from a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Training to improve physicians' shared decision making (SDM) competencies with proven effectiveness and efficiency is rare. This study evaluated the brief in situ training module 'doktormitSDM'.

Methods: In a multicenter RCT, each physician recorded four consultations, each of which included a diagnostic or treatment decision (N=152 consultations from seven medical specialties).

Status report from Norway: Implementation of patient involvement in Norwegian health care.

Norway has traditionally high standards regarding civil rights particularly emphasizing equal access to societal resources including health care. This background and the health care system's centralized national organization make it perfectly suited for implementation of shared decision making (SDM). In recent years, great efforts have been made by policy- makers, regional health authorities and not least the patients to facilitate a process of change in health communication culture.

Training doctors briefly and in situ to involve their patients in making medical decisions-Preliminary testing of a newly developed module.

Objective: To carry out preliminary evaluation of a training module for doctors to enhance their ability to involve their patients in medical decision making. The training refers to the shared decision-making (SDM) communication concept.

Methods: The training module includes a comprehensive manual, a corresponding video tutorial with communication examples and a 15-minute face-to-face feedback session based on an SDM analysis of a consultation recording provided by the trainee.

Benefit-risk perception of natalizumab therapy in neurologists and a large cohort of multiple sclerosis patients.

Background: Natalizumab (NAT) is associated with the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Risk stratification algorithms have been developed, however, without detectable reduction of PML incidence.

Objective: To evaluate to which extent patients and physicians understand and accept risks associated with NAT treatment.

Validation of the Norwegian version of MAPPIN'SDM, an observation-based instrument to measure shared decision-making in clinical encounters.

Objective: To validate the Norwegian version of MAPPIN'SDM observer scales with regard to reliability, accuracy and the extent to which the scales include the essentials of the shared decision-making concept.

Methods: Three MAPPIN'SDM scales, focusing on the skills of doctor, patient and dyad, were applied to audiovisual records of 35 decision sequences. Inter-rater reliabilities were determined based on kappa coefficients.

A new graphical format to communicate treatment effects to patients-A web-based randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Patients making treatment decisions require understandable evidence-based information. However, evidence on graphical presentation of benefits and side-effects of medical treatments is not conclusive. The study evaluated a new space-saving format, CLARIFIG (clarifying risk figures), aiming to facilitate accuracy of comprehension.

Subjective and objective knowledge and decisional role preferences in cerebrovascular patients compared to controls.

Background: Risk knowledge and active role preferences are important for patient involvement in treatment decision-making and adherence. Although knowledge about stroke warning signs and risk factors has received considerable attention, objective knowledge on secondary prevention and further self-esteem subjective knowledge have rarely been studied. The aim of our study was to investigate knowledge and treatment decisional role preferences in cerebrovascular patients compared to controls.